Riaan 
Isikhulu esiphezulu se-Walt Disney Co. u-Bob Iger uthe ngesonto eledlule inkampani yaseBurbank izoba ukusika Imisebenzi engu-7,000 njengoba imizamo yokusakaza yefemu iqhubeka nokulahlekelwa yimali kanye nomnotho obanzi uguquguquka ngenxa yokuwohloka.
Kodwa i-House of Mouse akuyona yodwa ekuqiniseni ibhande layo. Kuwo wonke umkhakha wezindaba nezokuzijabulisa, izinkampani zichitha abasebenzi, ziwine izabelomali futhi zibheke ukuqoqa imali esandleni njengoba ziphuma kulolu bhubhane ziye ekusaseni elingaqinisekile.
I-Warner Bros. Ukutholwa kusikiwe amakhulu emisebenzi onyakeni odlule, okuhlanganisa ku CNN; I-Netflix ilandele i-a okufanayo. Manje I-United Talent Agency, I-NBCUniversal futhi I-Paramount Global baxosha abasebenzi nabo, njengoba kunjalo nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe – umkhakha ocwila kakhulu ezithakazelweni zemidiya nezokuzijabulisa. Khonamanjalo, Regal Cinemas kuyinto amathiyetha avaliwe ezweni lonke.
“Impela kungenye yamasethi amakhulu kakhulu okusikeka,” kusho uSteve Ross, uprofesa womlando wase-USC obhale izincwadi ezimayelana nomsebenzi nekilasi eHollywood. “Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi sizobona ukusikeka okwengeziwe.”
Ukwehla kwakamuva kubi kakhulu selokhu ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lwavala imboni yezokuzijabulisa ngo-2020, okuhlanganisa izinkundla zamabhayisikobho kanye namafilimu nezithombe ze-TV. Ukudilizwa kushanele ezitudiyo, amanethiwekhi, amapaki etimu nama-ejensi anekhono. AbakwaDisney bakhiphe abasebenzi ababalelwa ku-100,000, okuhlanganisa nabasebenzi basepaki nabahamba ngomkhumbi, yize iningi labo lagcina libuyiswe.
IHollywood ibone izikhathi ezinezinkinga ngaphambili. I Ukuwohloka okukhulu komnotho ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokwehliswa kwemisebenzi I-Viacom, I-Warner Bros., I-Lionsgate, I-NBCUniversal, I-CBS futhi I-Disneyimboni yokushayela imfucumfucu eyayivele ihlushwa imiphumela yesiteleka eside sababhali baseHollywood.
Njengokwehla kwezinga elidlule, ukudilizwa kwakamuva kumelela igalelo emnothweni waseCalifornia – ikakhulukazi i-Los Angeles County – lapho ukukhiqizwa kwefilimu nomabonakude kuyinjini enkulu yomsebenzi.
Ngo-2021, ukuzijabulisa kwabala ngqo imisebenzi engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.1 esifundazweni, okubandakanya imisebenzi engama-367,000 eLos Angeles County, ngokusho kombiko. Umbiko we-2023 Otis College emnothweni wokudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncishiswa kwemboni yezokuzijabulisa cishe kuzokwehla kuye kwezinye izingxenye zomnotho. Kuhlanganisa nemiphumela engaqondile, umkhakha wezokuzijabulisa usekela imisebenzi elinganiselwa ezigidini ezine zaseCalifornia, ngokombiko we-Otis.
“Cabanga yonke imali … abakwazi ukuyisebenzisa [at] izitolo zendawo, abathengisi bendawo,” kusho uRoss. “Kunomthelela omkhulu.”
Izinto eziqhuba lo mjikelezo wokudilizwa zihlanganisa ingcindezi yabatshalizimali kanye nokoma kwemali engenayo ye-TV evamile ngenxa yabasiki bezintambo nabakhangisi abongayo. Kepha isihluthulelo sokuqonda ukugxila okusha kwemboni yezokuzijabulisa ku-austerity, ochwepheshe bathi, inguquko yokusakaza kanye nokwehluleka kwayo ukufeza amathemba abo bobabili abaphathi kanye ne-Wall Street.
Izinkampani zemithombo yezindaba eziyifa zichithe izigidigidi zamadola zenza futhi zimaketha okuqukethwe kwezinsiza zokusakaza-bukhoma ukuze ziqhudelane ne-Netflix, zidla abantu amabhizinisi asunguliwe nanenzuzo njengeziteshi ze-TV ezikhokhelwayo. Abatshalizimali baklomelise lelo qhinga lokukhulisa izithameli ezinolaka naphezu kokulahlekelwa okukhulu okuvela ekusakazeni – kodwa manje bafuna inzuzo yangempela.
Ukudilizwa eHollywood kukhombisa ukwehliswa kwezindleko osekufinyelele izikhondlakhondla zezobuchwepheshe (ezifana ne-Meta ne-Amazon) kanye namabhizinisi ezindaba (okuhlanganisa i-News Corp., i-Vox Media kanye ne-Washington Post).
I-Disney i uphawu lwalokho kubala. Okwesikhashana, umdondoshiya wezokuzijabulisa ubemagange ukuphonsa isamba semali esibonakala singenamkhawulo kwa-Disney +, insizakalo yayo yokusakaza itende, egcwalisa inkundla ngakho konke kusuka kumamuvi enkosazana opopayi yakudala kuya ochungechungeni olusemfashinini olufana nekaLucasfilm ethi “The Mandalorian” ne-Marvel’s “WandaVision” – konke ngo-$6.99 kuphela ngenyanga.
“I-Disney + ibikhiqiza izinto eziningi,” kusho uKevin Klowden, isazi samasu omhlaba wonke eMilken Institute, ithangi lokucabanga elizinze eSanta Monica. “Kodwa enye yezinkinga zangempela ngazo zonke izinkampani zokusakaza ukuthi bezisebenza njalo kumodeli yakudala yokukhula kwebhamuza lobuchwepheshe: Inqobo nje uma ukhula, akekho onendaba nokuthi izinombolo zangempela ziyini.”
Manje lezo zinkukhu sezifikile ekhaya zizozumeka. Imizamo yokusakaza ye-Disney, ehlanganisa i-Hulu ne-ESPN +, ilahlekelwa yimali – $ 1.1 bhiliyoni ngekota yakamuva – futhi abatshalizimali sebemagange kakhulu ukubona imbuyiselo. AbakwaDisney bathembise abatshalizimali ukuthi i-Disney+ izoba nenzuzo ekupheleni kwezimali zika-2024. Bheka isimemezelo sokudilizwa sangesonto eledlule – phakathi kwezimbi kakhulu emlandweni wenkampani kanye nengxenye yomzamo obanzi wokuqola imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5.5 zamaRandi, okuhlanganisa nezindleko zokuqukethwe zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. .
“Nakuba lokhu kudingekile ukubhekana nezinselelo esibhekene nazo namuhla, angenzi lesi sinqumo kalula,” kusho u-Iger ocingweni nabahlaziyi ngoFebhuwari 8. U-Disney wenqabile ukuphawula ngale ndaba.
Ubuhlungu babasebenzi bezokungcebeleka ngobubanzi angeke buphele maduzane. U-Dan Ives, umhlaziyi wezobuchwepheshe kanye nomqondisi ophethe kwa-Wedbush Securities, ulinganisela ukuthi imboni ekugcineni izokwehlisa izindleko nemisebenzi ngo-7% kuya ku-10%.
“Umjaho wezikhali zokuqukethwe, kepha manje sekugxilwe ezindlekweni futhi kuqala phezulu – ngakho-ke lapho i-Disney ne-Netflix benciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali, lokho kuthumela umphumela omubi embonini yonke,” kusho u-Ives.
Ezinye izindlela ezihloselwe ukukhulisa inzuzo (noma ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa) zingase zibangele ukuthi abathengi bakhokhe kakhulu ngemali encane. I-Netflix, isibonelo, izama ukwenqaba ukwabelana ngephasiwedi. Ngesonto eledlule, i-Los Gatos, i-Calif.-based streaming giant kumemezele ukukhishwa e-Canada, New Zealand, Portugal naseSpain zezinqubomgomo ezintsha ezihloselwe ukukhawulela ukuthi bangaki abantu abangasebenzisa i-akhawunti enikeziwe. Izinqubomgomo ezinjalo zase zihloliwe kakade ezingxenyeni ezithile zeLatin America futhi zingase zithole indlela yazo eya e-United States maduze. Le nkampani nayo isanda kwethula i- kusekelwa izikhangiso inketho yokusakaza ngentengo ephansi.
Khonamanjalo, emzamweni wokunciphisa izibopho zayo zokwabelana ngenzuzo, i-Warner Bros. Discovery ine isusiwe inqwaba yochungechunge namamuvi avela kusevisi yayo yokusakaza i-HBO Max.
Izinkinga zomnotho kanye nokulahlekelwa kwemisebenzi kuzongeza olunye ungqimba lwezinkinga ezingxoxweni ezizayo zabasebenzi baseHollywood. Izinyunyana, okuhlanganisa ne- Writers Guild of America, kulindeleke ukuthi ziphushe kanzima ezitudiyo ukuze zibambe iqhaza elikhulu ngokwezezimali emibukisweni yokusakaza. Ukudilizwa emsebenzini kungase kwengeze ekuphuthumeni kwezimfuno zezinyunyana. Kodwa-ke, ukubukeka kwemisebenzi edabukisayo kunganikeza ama-studio amandla.
Akuzona nje izinkampani zokuzijabulisa ezizingelayo. Ukuncishiswa nakho kwenzeka kuyo yonke imboni yezobuchwepheshe – isikhala lapho, njengoba ukusakazwa kukhula ukuthandwa kakhulu futhi inkundla yezokuxhumana iqhubeka nokubamba ukunaka kwababukeli abancane, igqagqene kakhulu nomhlaba wokuzijabulisa.
I-Amazon, iMicrosoft, i-Google, i-Meta, i-Pinterest, i-Twitter ne-Snap inakho konke abasebenzi abadiliziwe ezinyangeni ezedlule, njengoba kube namafemu amancane ezobuchwepheshe. Eminye yemizabalazo yobuchwepheshe idalwe izinto ezilingisa okwenzeka kwabezindaba. Ukwehla kwemboni yezokukhangisa kuthinte izinkundla zokuxhumana, okuhlanganisa izinkundla ze-Meta ze-Facebook ne-Instagram, kodwa nezinkampani zabezindaba zesikole esidala ezifana ne-Disney, kusho uDave Heger, umhlaziyi ophezulu wokucwaninga ngokulingana enkampanini yezinsizakalo zezezimali u-Edward Jones.
“Abatshalizimali bagxile emabhizinisini okusakaza abe yinzuzo,” kusho u-Heger, futhi “njengoba indawo esetshenziswa yizikhangiso ibonakala ibuthaka, kuphinde kugxilwe. [on] ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi abachithi ngokweqile.”
Iningi leHollywood lisabona ukusakazwa njengekusasa lemboni – kodwa uma igagasi lamanje lokusikeka liyinkomba, leyo i-utopia isasekude.
