Riaan 
USharon Kimbrough waya ku-Black Women’s Expo e-Atlanta ukuze adayise inkumbulo yakhe. Ukuhlolelwa i-Alzheimer’s kwakuyinto eyayisengqondweni yakhe, kodwa lapho abahlengikazi besuka Eli Lilly wakhuluma naye mayelana necala elisha lenkampani, wanquma ukubavumela bamdonsele igazi.
“Nganginamalungu amabili omndeni ayene-Alzheimer’s,” kusho uKimbrough, isikhulu sezokukhangisa eselathatha umhlalaphansi. “Ngezinye izikhathi ngiba nezinkinga zenkumbulo futhi ezinye zazo lapho ngikhulile ziyenzeka. Kodwa kungase kube enye into.”
Eli Lilly washayela amalebhu angomahambanendlwana amabili embuthanweni wabesifazane Abansundu, ukuze abuthele abesifazane abadala abaNsundu esivivinyweni esisha. Umenzi wezidakamizwa uthuthukise ama-labs on wheels ngo-2020, ukuze agcine izivivinyo zawo zemitholampilo ziqhubeka onyakeni wokuqala wobhubhane lwe-Covid.
“Kudingeke sibe nobuhlakani bokuthi sakwazi kanjani ukufinyelela emphakathini,” kuchaza u-Lashan Neville, umqondisi omkhulu we-Eli Lilly wezinsizakalo zomtholampilo ezimaphakathi.
Okwaqala ngaphandle kwesidingo, manje sekuphenduke inqola yokushayela ukwehlukahlukana ovivinyweni lwabakhi bezidakamizwa, kanye nokwakha ukwethenjwa emiphakathini yemibala ekade ingamelwe kahle ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha.
Ifa le-Tuskegee
Iziguli ezimnyama ngokuvamile zibonise ukungabaza kakhulu ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo kunabamhlophe. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabakwa I-Alzheimer’s Association bathole ukuthi u-62% wabantu base-Afrika baseMelika bacabanga ukuthi ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luchemile kubantu bebala.
Ingxenye yokungathembani ingase ivele efeni lokuhlolwa kogcunsula kwe-Tuskegee ekhulwini lama-20, lapho abacwaningi bakahulumeni begodle ukwelashwa kubahlanganyeli Abamnyama, kodwa hhayi ozakwabo abamhlophe, ukuze bahlole ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo.
Abacwaningi baka-Eli Lilly bathi ukusebenzisa amayunithi ocwaningo eselula ukuze kuhlangatshezwane neziguli emicimbini yomphakathi kuye kwasiza ukuqasha ababambiqhaza abahlukahlukene abahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi emphakathini wabaNsundu.
“Sifundisa abantu ngocwaningo lomtholampilo … ukuthi ungaba yingxenye yalo, ukuthi bangalusebenzisa kanjani ucwaningo, njengendlela ehlukile ukuze bathole ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo,” kusho uNeville.
Izivivinyo ezihlukaniselwe izindawo
Ukuthola nokubhalisa iziguli kungaba phakathi kwengxenye ebiza kakhulu futhi edla isikhathi yokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. I Ihhovisi Likazwelonke Locwaningo Lwezomnotho ilinganisela intengo emaphakathi ku-$19 million. Ngokwesiko, izivivinyo zemitholampilo bezigxile ezikhungweni zezokwelapha zezemfundo, kodwa izikhungo zivame ukuba kude kakhulu ukuthi zingahamba ezigulini ezingahlali ezindaweni ezinkulu zamadolobha.
Abathengisi Impilo ye-CVS, Ama-Walgreens futhi Kroger bamemezele izinhlelo ezintsha zokuhlinzeka ngokubhaliswa kokuhlolwa komtholampilo kanye nezinsizakalo zokulandelela emitholampilo yabo yekhemisi, ezingasiza abacwaningi ukuthi bafinyelele iziguli emiphakathini yabo, eduze nasekhaya.
Ngokukhula, abenzi bezidakamizwa bathatha umzila oqondile wokufinyelela esigulini ukuze kusheshiswe inqubo yokubhalisa ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana.
Ama-amyloid plaque aqoqana ngaphandle kwama-neurons. Ama-amyloid plaque ayizici zesifo i-Alzheimer’s. Baholela ekuwohlokeni kwama-neurons athintekile.
Izithombe ze-Getty
Ngaphambi kobhubhane, izindlela ezintathu eziphambili iziguli eziningi ezifunde ngazo mayelana nokuhlolwa kwaba ngokukhangisa kwendabuko, odokotela bazo kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe Isikhungo Solwazi Nokufunda Ngocwaningo Lwezempilo. Izinkundla zokuxhumana azizange zingene ngisho kwabayishumi abahamba phambili. Ngo-2021, ngenkathi ukukhangisa kusalokhu kungumthombo ohamba phambili, inkundla yezokuxhumana yathatha indawo yodokotela njengendlela yesibili okungenzeka ukuthi abahlanganyeli bocwaningo bafunde ngayo ngezifundo zomtholampilo.
I-Pfizer Isikhulu esiphezulu u-Albert Bourla uthi izinkundla zokuxhumana seziphenduke indlela ewusizo yokuqasha ababambiqhaza.
“Sihamba nenkundla yezokuxhumana ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izinyathelo esizithathayo, ekubhekiseni abantu … abangamelwe kakhulu ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo,” uBourla utshele i-CNBC. “Lokho sikwenza ngoba lokho akuzokwandisa ukumeleleka kwabo kuphela kodwa futhi sikhulisa ijubane esingakwazi ngalo ukuqasha iziguli ocwaningweni.
I-FDA icindezela ukuhlukahluka
I-Food and Drug Administration ikhuthaze abenzi bezidakamizwa ukuthi banwebe imibandela yokubhalisa ababambiqhaza bocwaningo ukuze kwandiswe ukuhlukahluka ngokujwayelekile, okuhlanganisa ukuhluka kobuhlanga, indawo kanye nobudala. Abamnyama banamathuba angu-1.5 kuya kwangu-2 kunabamhlophe okuba bahlaselwe Isifo i-Alzheimer’s. Nokho, ukubuyekezwa kwezemfundo okukodwa kwe ucwaningo lokuwohloka komqondo wangaphambi kobhubhane ithole u-4% kuphela wabahlanganyeli ezivivinyweni ezibike uhlanga nobuhlanga kwakungabantu abamnyama noma aba-Hispanic.
Ukhomishana we-FDA uDkt. Robert Califf uyishayela ihlombe imizamo yokusabalalisa iziza zocwaningo, nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe namalebhu ahambayo ukwenza izivivinyo zifinyeleleke kalula kubantu baseMelika abahlukahlukene. Nakuba, uthi, kunemingcele.
“Kwezinye izimo, akuyona into elungile ongayenza. Uma ufunda, isibonelo, umuthi omusha ongakaze uhlolwe kubantu abaningi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ube sendaweni eqinile kakhulu kanye nesikhungo sezokwelapha sezemfundo. ,” UDkt. Califf utshele i-CNBC. “Kwezinye izinhlobo zezilingo, kuyinto efanele ngempela ukuyenza.”
USharon Kimbrough uzimisele ukwenza ingxenye yakhe ukusiza ukukhulisa ukumelwa, kodwa uthemba ukuthi ngeke afanelekele ukuqulwa kwecala likaLilly. Isampula legazi alinikezile elebhu ephathwayo liyahlaziywa ukuze kutholwe amazinga aphezulu e-Tau protein, ehlotshaniswa nesifo i-Alzheimer’s.
“Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngizothola ukuthi anginawo amaprotheni okusho ukuthi kungenzeka nginesifo i-Alzheimer’s,” engeza, “lokho kungaba injabulo yakho konke.”
Usalinde umphumela wokuhlolwa kwegazi, kodwa encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo, uKimbrough ubhala ngokholo olumsiza ukuba anqobe imizabalazo yokuphila komuntu siqu. Umphumela omuhle ungaletha isahluko esisha.
