Riaan 
Ngasekuqaleni kwale nyanga, usongo olunemiphumela engaba yingozi yokuvikeleka kwezwe yesikhathi eside yase-United States luziveze – futhi hhayi ngesimo sebhaluni eliphezulu.
Kwakuwukuchezuka kukaloliwe, e-East Palestine, e-Ohio, okwaholela ekukhishweni kwe-vinyl chloride, into ebanga umdlavuza ukuthi izisebenzi zokusabela zishile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhuma. Izinhlangano eziningi, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezibhekele ukuphepha nokuphila kahle kwezakhamizi zase-East Palestine, kungenzeka ukuthi azizange zibheke lesi sigameko njengendaba yezokuphepha kazwelonke. Kodwa kunjalo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kudinga impendulo enamandla kakhulu, futhi ngokuqinisekile ukunakwa okwengeziwe kunebhaluni lenhloli noma amabhaluni.
Okokuqala, cabanga ukuthi “ukuphepha kwezwe” akubandakanyi nje ukuvikela kwangaphandle kwe-United States, kodwa futhi nezinsiza zezobunhloli ezisekela ukusebenza kwayo kwezempi, ukuzivikela ekuhlaselweni kwamaphekula, kanye nemizamo yokuxhumana yokuvikela abalingani nokuxhumana nabangase babe izitha. . Zonke lezi zenzo nokunye okuhlukahlukene yilokho okwenziwa yizizwe ukuze zivikele izakhamuzi zazo. Futhi nakuba lezi zenzo ngokuvamile zibhekwa ngaphandle kwezinto isizwe esizenzayo ukuze sithuthukise ukuchuma nenhlalakahle phakathi kwabantu baso, azinakuhlukaniswa.
Ukuphepha kwezwe kumayelana nokuvikela isizwe nabantu baso kanye nenhlalakahle yabo. Okusho ukuthi izici ezithile zengqalasizinda kanye nezinsizakalo zibaluleke kakhulu kulo mzamo – ziyisisekelo ekusebenzeni komphakathi – kangangokuthi amandla azo aqhubekayo okusebenza nawo athathwa njengendaba yezokuphepha kazwelonke.
Ukutholakala kokudla okuphephile, isibonelo. Noma izinsiza zamandla, ukuphepha komphakathi noma ukuvikelwa ezinsongweni zemvelo. Nokho ngesonto eledlule izakhamuzi East Palestine kwaba ukuphuza i-wat yebhodlela kuphelaer; imfuyo kanye izinhlanzi ziyafa ngokuzumayo; imiphumela engaba khona yezempilo nemvelo, nakuba ingaziwa, kungenzeka ukuthi mibi kakhulu.
Inhlekelele kajantshi ayizange ibe umphumela wokuhlasela kwangaphandle, futhi nakuba izizathu eziqondile zengozi zisaphenywa, akulula ukucabanga ukuthi kwakuyingozi. ehamba kancaneinhlekelele edalwe ngaphakathi ingqalasizinda enganakiwe, amamodeli wabasebenzi abancane futhi izidingo zokuphepha ezincishisiwe – uhide lwezinqumo ezivuna ukusebenza kahle kunokuphepha, konke okuholela ekuhanjisweni kwempahla eyingozi ezindaweni lapho abantu behlala khona. Imithelela yale nhlekelele ngokungangabazeki izovela emashumini eminyaka, ngokungcola okungabonakali kuhlasela abantu asebevele besengozini kanye nezindawo, futhi kubambezeleke isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuthi izisebenzi zokuhlanza zihambile.
Le nhlekelele ayiyona ingqayizivele, kodwa ingeyesiqephu esinezinye izinhlekelele eziningi ezihamba kancane, njengezinkinga zamanzi Flint, Mich.futhi ku Jackson, Nkosazana.; noma i I-Deepwater Horizon futhi UTaylor ukuchitheka kwamafutha; noma ezinye inqwaba yezinhlekelele ezingashiwongo nezingabikwanga kangako ezivame ukugadla emiphakathini kakade amazinga aphezulu obumpofu, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa nokuluthekafuthi impilo ebuthakakanye nokukhula kwengozi enkulu ukushaqeka kwesimo sezulu kanye nezingcindezi.
Kepha izimpawu zengqalasizinda eyonakalisiwe yase-United States, kanye nemikhuba yayo eyingozi yokuhambisa impahla eyingozi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, kanye nabasebenzi bayo abanganabasebenzi ngokwanele. udaba lwezokuphepha kwezwe olukhathazayo, futhi – okungenza ukugqugquzelwa kwempendulo enkulu yamazwe ngamazwe kuhambe kancane futhi kube bucayi. Uma amasistimu namakhono anjalo esevele esemaphethelweni amabi ngesikhathi sokuthula, ngesikhathi sempi angase awe, umthelela ongaba khona okungenzeka mkhulu kakhulu kunanoma yibuphi ubuhlakani obuqoqwe amasistimu ebhaluni lokuphakama okuphezulu.
Lokhu akukhona ukuxosha ukungena emkhathini, kodwa kunalokho ukuphakamisa ukuthi ukunakwa okuhlangene kungase kubekwe endaweni engafanele. Ukuwohloka okuhamba kancane kwengqalasizinda kanye nokusabela ezinhlekeleleni akuwona umbukwane kunebhaluni elindiza kakhulu, kodwa ukonakala kwesitimela nokuchitheka kwamakhemikhali e-Ohio kuye kwagqamisa indlela okuxake ngayo ukugxila okunjalo ekusangweni okucatshangwayo kwezokuphepha kwezwe langaphandle. Usongo olukhulu kakhulu kungenzeka luvela ngaphakathi.
Izikhungo zezokuvikela nezobunhloli ngokungangabazeki zizohlola ngokufanelekile izinsongo ezivela ekundizeni phezu kwamabhaluni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, indlela yokunciphisa ingozi yezinhlekelele ezihamba kancane ezenzeka ngokuvama okukhulu kanye nokuqina okwandayo sekuvele kwaziwa kahle. Kudingeka ukutshala izimali kwingqalasizinda ebolayo nokuqasha abantu abazoyiqhuba futhi bayinakekele. Kudinga ukuqiniswa kwemithetho yezokuphepha, inetha eqinile yokuphepha komphakathi kanye noxhaso olwanele lwezempilo yomphakathi. Lezi, futhi, yizindaba zokuphepha kuzwelonke – okungenzeka ukuthi zishesha kakhulu kunokuzivikela ekuqoqweni kobuhlakani bezindiza.
U-Brad Martin ungumcwaningi wenqubomgomo ophezulu ku-nonpartisan, non-profit Rand Corp. kanye nomqondisi we-Rand National Security Supply Chain Institute.
Aaron Clark-Ginsberg ungusosayensi wezenhlalakahle eRand futhi unguprofesa wokuhlaziya inqubomgomo ePardee Rand Graduate School.
