Riaan USakshi Nanda unezinsuku ezingama-28 zokuthola umsebenzi omusha.
UNanda uyisisebenzi sakwelinye izwe nge-visa ye-H-1B, kwathi lapho inkampani yezobuchwepheshe bezempilo e-Connecticut imbeka emsebenzini ngenyanga edlule, iwashi laqala ukukhiya.
Uma engakwazi ukulungisa isimo sakhe se-visa noma athole umqashi omusha ozomxhasa ngoMashi 19, kuzodingeka alungise impilo yakhe yokuzinza e-United States kungazelelwe abuyele eNew Delhi.
“Angikalulungisi lolu lwazi. Ngisashaqekile,” kusho yena.
Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe, kuhlanganise Alphabeti-Facebook, i-Amazon kanye ne-Microsoft, baxoshe abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-100,000 e-US kulo nyaka, ngokusho kombiko. Ukudilizwa.fi.
Izinkulungwane zalaba basebenzi basewashini elilodwa nelikaNanda. Abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe ku-H-1B ama-visa, ezisetshenziswa izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ukuze ziqashe izakhamuzi ezingezona ezase-US ezinamakhono aphezulu, zinesikhathi esiqinile somusa sezinsuku ezingu-60 sokuthola umqashi omusha ozimisele ukuzixhasa noma ukushiya izwe. Abasebenzi abengeziwe bangaba sengozini: Kunikezwe ama-visa angama-85,000 minyaka yonke ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-H-1B, nokunye imibiko balinganisela ukuthi ngaphezu kwama-70% abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe eSilicon Valley bazalelwa ngaphandle kwase-US
USakshi Nanda ehhovisi lakhe lasekhaya e-Connecticut.
(UChristopher Capozziello / For The Times)
Kubasebenzi abadiliziwe abanjengoNanda, osehlale e-US kusukela ngo-2019, usizi lokuphelelwa umsebenzi kungazelelwe luhlanganiswa nokubalwa kwezibalo.
“Angicabangi njengomuntu wokufika kuleli, unenkululeko yokucubungula imizwa yakho. … Kufanele ngithole okuthile zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-50, 54 ngoba vele iwashi lami seliqalile ukuphawula,” Kusho uNanda, onayo ulwazi lwezibalo zebhizinisi kanye nemisebenzi yokuthengisa. “Anginaso isikhathi esiningi. Nsuku zonke, kufana nomjaho wokulwa nesikhathi.”
Ukudilizwa kwalezi zisebenzi akusho ukuthi amakhono alaba basebenzi bakwamanye amazwe, abanye babo abafunde kwele Melika, awadingeki, kusho uDavid Loshin, onguthisha omkhulu eKolishi Lezifundo Zolwazi eUniversity of Maryland. Utshele iThe Times ukuthi abafundi abaningana abavela emazweni aphesheya ohlelweni lwe-master alufundisayo bathintwa ukudilizwa kwezobuchwepheshe. (UNanda uthweswe iziqu ohlelweni lwakhe ngo-2021.)
“Kungaba yishwa ukuthi laba basebenzi abanamakhono baphoqeleke ukuthi bahambe,” kusho uLoshin. “Ngicabanga ukuthi kungabaluleka ukubheka ukuthi ngabe lezi yizikhathi lapho izimo zingavumela khona ukuthi kube nezandiso kulezo zikhathi.”
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ama-visa omsebenzi akhethekile abokufika ahloselwe ukuthi abe ngawesikhashana. Isibonelo, isisebenzi sangaphandle esine-visa ye-H-1B singahlala e-US isikhathi esiphezulu seminyaka eyisithupha, esinganwetshwa kuphela ezimweni ezithile. I-visa ye-H-1B nesimo sisebenza iminyaka emithathu futhi singanwetshwa eminye emithathu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esiphezulu sokuhlala, umnikazi we-visa we-H-1B kufanele ahambe e-US noma athole isimo sokuthuthela kwelinye izwe.
Abantu abaningi abakuma-visa omsebenzi – ikakhulukazi abanikazi be-H-1B – bahlala isikhathi eside kunesikhathi sesikhashana sokuqala futhi baqhubeka nokuvuselela ama-visa abo ngenkathi belinde ukuthola indawo yokuhlala e-US, kusho uJulia Gelatt, umhlaziyi wenqubomgomo ephezulu e-Migration Policy Institute, eWashington. , ithangi lokucabanga elizinze e-DC. Ukusilela emuva ekucubunguleni izicelo zamakhadi aluhlaza sekwehlile eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi izilinganiso zezwe ngalinye zabasebenzi abavela emazweni athile, njenge-India ne-China, ziphoqe abaningi ukuthi balinde amashumi eminyaka ukuze babe izakhamuzi zase-US ezisemthethweni.
Okwamanje, abasebenzi bakha impilo ezweni labo lokutholwa. Abanye banezingane eziyisakhamuzi saseMelika. Abanye bathenga izindlu. Abaningi bahlanganisa emiphakathini yabo, batshale izimpande ezijulile.
Uma uSakshi Nanda engakwazi ukuthola umqashi omusha ozomxhasa ngoMashi 19, kuzofanele alungise impilo yakhe yokuzinza e-United States kungazelelwe abuyele eNew Delhi.
(UChristopher Capozziello / For The Times)
Izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha zokubheka umqashi omusha ozimisele ngokuba umxhasi zingazizwa zimfushane ngokwesabekayo. Abanye abasebenzi bangase babe nenketho yokushintshela ku-visa yesivakashi futhi bahlale, kodwa ngeke bavunyelwe ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni e-US Abanye, kuhlanganise neNanda, bangase bafanelekele ukushintshela ku-visa yomshado, kodwa leyo nqubo ingathatha isikhathi eside. njenge izinyanga eziyisithuphafuthi abafake izicelo abakwazi ukusebenza ngesikhathi belinde ukuthi izicelo zabo zamukelwe noma zenqatshwe.
“Kuyinselelo ngempela, ikakhulukazi njengoba iningi labasebenzi linamakhono akhethekile kanye namakhono omuntu akhethekile, kulapho okungathatha khona isikhathi esiningi … ukuthola umsebenzi omusha ofanelana namakhono abo,” kusho uGelatt.
Ngo-2019, abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.6 e-United States babambe ama-visa ezisebenzi zesikhashana, ngokusho koMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya kakhulu. okwakamuva izilinganiso. Leyo nombolo ihlanganisa abashadile nezingane zezisebenzi zesikhashana, ezingase zikwazi noma zingakwazi ukuzisebenza, kuye ngohlobo lwe-visa. I-DHS ayikashicileli izinombolo zika-2020 no-2021.
Ezinye izinkampani zimagange ukuqasha abanikazi bama-visa abamisiwe be-H-1B. “Uma usanda kudilizwa futhi ubambe i-visa ye-H-1B, singathanda ukuxoxa nawe,” uJoshua Browder, oyi-CEO ye-San Francisco AI-based based services services starts Do Not Pay, ubhale kuTwitter ngemuva nje kokuba umzali ka-Facebook. inkampani, iMeta, yadiliza izinkulungwane zabasebenzi ngoNovemba. “U-25% weqembu lethu akuzona izakhamizi zase-US futhi singahamba ngokushesha.”
I-Browder ngokuvamile kufanele ikhokhele i-ejensi yokuqasha u-20% womholo womuntu othile ngethalente.
Kepha ngemuva kwe-tweet yakhe, uthole impendulo emangalisayo – okuhlanganisa ne-CVs engama-450. Wayengenawo amandla okuqasha cishe abantu abaningi kangako.
“Sithole ama-CV amaningi kunalokho ebesingakwazi ukukuthwala,” esho. Wenza izithembiso ezimbili nokuqasha eyodwa futhi uhlela ukuqasha abasebenzi abengeziwe. Uthumele nezicelo kubangani bakhe kwezinye iziqalo.
UBrowder, ongowokufika oneminyaka engama-26 ovela e-United Kingdom, uthe abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abadiliziwe kuma-visa akhethekile badonsa kanzima.
“Kuyihlazo ngempela. Laba, njengabanye babantu abanekhono kakhulu engake ngababona. Sengixoxisane nabantu abaningi emsebenzini wami futhi laba bantu banekhono ikakhulukazi,” kusho yena. “Ngicabanga ukuthi akulungile ngempela ukuthi uhlelo lubanika izinsuku ezingama-60 kuphela.”
Phakathi kwalabo asebediliziwe kukhona abafundi bakwamanye amazwe abathweswe iziqu emanyuvesi nasemakolishi aseMelika abatholile Ukuqeqeshwa Okuwusizo Ongakukhetha ukugunyazwa komsebenzi ngemva kokuqeda izifundo zabo. Labo basebenzi, njengoSrinivas Ch, banezinsuku ezingama-90 zokuthola abaqashi abasha.
UCh, 25, waseNdiya, uthweswe iziqu eNyuvesi yaseNorth Carolina eCharlotte ngo-August eneziqu ze-master in computer science. Waxoshwa – nge-imeyili – maphakathi noJanuwari ngemuva kwezinyanga ezine nje e-Amazon.
“Ngazizwa ngiphatheke kabi, ngazizwa ngidangele futhi ekugcineni, kwadingeka ngikhale izinyembezi,” esho. “Ukungena enkampanini ye-FAANG kwakuhlale kuyiphupho kimi; ukuthanda isoftware, ukuba unjiniyela wesoftware, kwakuyiphupho elikhulu kunawo wonke engake ngaba nalo,” wengeza, ebhekisa kwisifinyezo semboni ye-Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix kanye ne-Google.
Njengoba umugqa wakhe wesikhathi usondela, u-C uchitha izinsuku zakhe esebenzisa inqwaba yemisebenzi ngesikhathi. Kepha zimbalwa izindima ezivuliwe, futhi izinkampani eziningi zisebenzisa imingcele yokuqasha. Mayelana nomkhaya wakubo eNdiya, uthe “uyangisekela ngokuziphatha ukuze ngingacindezeleki futhi ngiqhubeke nempilo.”
Eziningi zalezi zinkampani zobuchwepheshe zinikeze amaphakheji wokuyeka ahlobene namasonto noma izinyanga zomsebenzi ongase ube khona, kusho uSophie Alcorn, ophethe i-Alcorn Immigration Law eMountain View, Calif.
“Kodwa, esimweni sokufika kwabokufika, imali ayisho lutho,” kusho yena. “Iningi labantu abakulesi simo banemali eningi yokonga futhi bayakwazi ukuhlala lapha futhi bangasebenzi izinyanga eziningi ngenxa yokonga kwabo esimweni esiphuthumayo. Imali incane uma iqhathaniswa nezinkinga zabokufika.”
Kusukela ngoNovemba, i-Alcorn isingathe ama-webinars amaningi omphakathi ikakhulukazi abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abadiliziwe abasezweni abanama-visa omsebenzi akhethekile.
Ukholelwa ukuthi cishe u-15% wabo bonke abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abadedelwa ekuqaleni kokudilizwa kwangonyaka odlule kwakungabantu bokufika. U-Alcorn ufike kuleso sibalo ngemuva kokuhlaziya imininingwane evela ezinhlwini zomphakathi lapho izisebenzi zezobuchwepheshe ezidiliziwe ezifuna imisebenzi zazihlonza ngokwazo isimo sazo sokuthuthela kwelinye izwe.
U-Alcorn uthe amakhasimende akhe amaningi awazimisele ukukhuluma esidlangalaleni mayelana nokudilizwa emsebenzini, esaba ukuphindiselwa abaqashi noma uhulumeni wase-US.
“Yonke le nto igubuzelwe amahloni kanye nezimfihlo kubantu abathintekayo futhi abajwayele ukuphuma emasikweni azisa ukuthobeka nokulandela imithetho nokuhlonipha igunya,” kusho yena.
Phakathi nezingqungquthela zakhe eziku-inthanethi, abaningi bakhethe ukungaziwa, babhale imibuzo yabo engxoxweni. Ngezinye izikhathi imibuzo ayitholayo ayikona kangako ngokuthola omunye umsebenzi kodwa indlela yokulawula ukuguquguquka komndeni ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okunjalo.
“Ngiwulungiselela kahle kanjani umndeni wami…?” isisebenzi sezobuchwepheshe esimisiwe sithayiphe engxoxweni ngesikhathi sewebhu yewebhu ethi “Navigating the 2022 Tech Layoffs” ayisingatha ngoNovemba.
U-Alcorn waquleka kancane efunda lo mbuzo.
“Nginengane eneminyaka engu-8 nengu-11. Ngicabanga ukuba khona nje, uzwelo, uthando. … Lokhu kuyacindezela,” kusho u-Alcorn. “Vuma ukuthi lokhu kuwumthwalo kuwo wonke umuntu. Bayazi ukuthi uzama ngakho konke okusemandleni akho.”
I-US Citizenship and Immigration Services, i-ejensi ephethe uhlelo lwezwe lokwenziwa kwemvelo, “iyaqhubeka nokuqapha imakethe yezabasebenzi kanye nomnotho wase-US lapho ibheka izindlela zezinqubo, inqubomgomo kanye nokulawula ukubhekana nezinselelo ezihlobene nemiphakathi yabokufika ebhekene nazo,” kusho umkhulumeli. “I-USCIS isazimisele ukudiliza izithiyo ohlelweni lwabokufika.”
Kodwa noma yiziphi izinguquko, uma zenzeka, zingafika sekwephuze kakhulu kubasebenzi abafana noCh noNanda. Okwamanje, bangenza into eyodwa kuphela: “Faka isicelo, ufake isicelo, ufake isicelo, ngoba uqhudelana nesikhathi futhi akuwona umuzwa omnandi,” kusho uNanda.
“Kuningi ukuqina ekubeni umuntu wokufika kuleli,” engeza. “Sibe nohambo lwethu nokuzabalaza ukuza lapha ngakho ngeke ngivumele lowo msebenzi owodwa ungithathele lokho. Ngizolwa kuze kube sekupheleni.”
