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Umdlali ongumuntu unqobe ngokuphelele isistimu ye-AI esezingeni eliphezulu kugeyimu yebhodi ethi Go, ngokuguqulwa okumangalisayo kokunqoba kwekhompuyutha ka-2016 okubonwe njengengqopha-mlando ekukhuphukeni kobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
U-Kellin Pelrine, umdlali waseMelika osezingeni elingaphansi kwezinga eliphezulu lemfundamakhwela, ushaye umshini ngokusebenzisa iphutha elalingaziwa ngaphambili elalihlonzwe enye ikhompuyutha. Kodwa ukubhekana ngeziqu zamehlo lapho anqoba khona imidlalo engu-14 kwengu-15 kwenziwa ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwekhompyutha okuqondile.
Ukunqoba, okungakaze kubikwe ngaphambilini, kugqamise ubuthakathaka ezinhlelweni zekhompiyutha ze-Go ezihamba phambili ezabelwa iningi lamasistimu e-AI asetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla, okuhlanganisa ne-ChatGPT chatbot edalwe i-OpenAI ese-San Francisco.
Amaqhinga abuyisela umuntu phezulu ebhodini le-Go aphakanyiswe uhlelo lwekhompiyutha olwaphenya amasistimu e-AI lubheka ubuthakathaka. Icebo eliphakanyisiwe labe selihanjiswa ngonya nguPelrine.
“Bekulula ngendlela emangalisayo ngathi ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo,” kusho u-Adam Gleave, isikhulu esiphezulu se-FAR AI, inkampani yocwaningo yaseCalifornia eyaklama lolu hlelo. Isofthiwe idlale imidlalo engaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 ibhekene ne-KataGo, enye yezinhlelo eziphezulu ze-Go-playing, ukuze kutholwe “indawo engaboni kahle” umdlali ongumuntu angakwazi ukusizakala ngayo, wengeza.
Isu lokuwina elivezwe yi-software “alincane kakhulu kodwa alinzima kakhulu” ukuthi umuntu alifunde futhi lingasetshenziswa umdlali osezingeni eliphakathi ukushaya imishini, kusho uPelrine. Uphinde wasebenzisa indlela ukuze anqobe kolunye uhlelo lwe-top Go, uLeela Zero.
Ukunqoba okuwujuqu, nokho ngosizo lwamaqhinga aphakanyiswe yikhompuyutha, kuza eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ngemuva kokuthi i-AI ibonakale ihole ngendlela engenakuphikiswa kubantu kulokho okuvame ukuthathwa njengeyinkimbinkimbi kunayo yonke imidlalo yebhodi.
I-AlphaGo, uhlelo oluklanywe inkampani yocwaningo ephethwe yi-Google, i-DeepMind, yehlule umpetha womhlaba i-Go u-Lee Sedol ngemidlalo emine kowodwa ngo-2016. I-Sedol iveze ukuthi ukuhoxa kwakhe ku-Go eminyakeni emithathu kamuva kwabangelwa ukukhuphuka kwe-AI, wathi “kwakuyibhizinisi. lokho akunakunqotshwa”. I-AlphaGo ayitholakali esidlangalaleni, kodwa izinhlelo ezinqotshwe yi-Pelrine zibhekwa ngokwezinga.
Kugeyimu ye-Go, abadlali ababili babeka amatshe amnyama namhlophe ngokushintshana ebhodini elimakwe ngegridi engu-19×19, befuna ukuzungeza amatshe ezimbangi zabo futhi bavale isikhala esikhulu kakhulu. Inani elikhulu lezinhlanganisela lisho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ikhompuyutha ihlole yonke iminyakazo engaba khona yesikhathi esizayo.
Amaqhinga asetshenziswa u-Pelrine ahilela ukuhlanganisa kancane kancane “iluphu” enkulu yamatshe ukuzungeza elinye lamaqembu ezimbangi zakhe, kuyilapho ephazamisa i-AI ngokuhamba kwamanye amakhona ebhodi. I-Go-playing bot ayizange ibone ubungozi bayo, ngisho nalapho ukuzungeza sekucishe kwaqedwa, kusho uPelrine.
“Njengomuntu kungaba lula ukukubona,” engeza.
Ukutholakala kobuthakathaka kweminye yemishini ethuthuke kakhulu ye-Go-playing kukhomba iphutha eliyisisekelo ezinhlelweni zokufunda ezijulile ezisekela i-AI yanamuhla ethuthuke kakhulu, kusho uStuart Russell, uprofesa wesayensi yekhompyutha eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley.
Izinhlelo “zingakwazi ukuqonda” izimo ezithile kuphela eziye zachayeka kuzo esikhathini esidlule futhi azikwazi ukuhlanganisa ngendlela abantu abayithola kalula, wanezela.
“Kukhombisa futhi ukuthi sesixhamazele kakhulu ukuthi singasho amazinga obuhlakani obungaphezu kobuntu emishinini,” kusho uRussell.
Imbangela eqondile yokwehluleka kwezinhlelo ze-Go-playing indaba yokucatshangelwa, ngokusho kwabacwaningi. Isizathu esisodwa okungenzeka ukuthi iqhinga elixhashazwe nguPelrine alivamile ukusetshenziswa, okusho ukuthi amasistimu e-AI ayengaqeqeshwanga emidlalweni efanayo ukuze abone ukuthi asengozini, kusho uGleave.
Kuvamile ukuthola amaphutha ezinhlelweni ze-AI lapho zivezwa ohlotsheni “lokuhlasela okuphikisanayo” olusetshenziswa ngokumelene namakhompyutha e-Go-playing, wanezela. Naphezu kwalokho, “sibona okukhulu kakhulu [AI] amasistimu asatshalaliswa ngezinga elinokuqinisekiswa okuncane”.
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