Riaan 
Washington
CNN
–
ICongress, i-White House kanye manje neNkantolo Ephakeme yase-US zonke zigxilise ukunaka kwazo emthethweni wenhlangano osekuyisikhathi eside usetshenziswa njengesihlangu esisemthethweni sezinkundla ze-inthanethi.
Kuleli sonto, iNkantolo Ephakeme izolalela izimpikiswano zomlomo emacaleni amabili abalulekile aphathelene nenkulumo eku-inthanethi nokulinganisa okuqukethwe. Okubalulekile ezimpikiswaneni “Isigaba 230,” umthetho wobumbano ogxekwe kakhulu yiwo womabili amaRepublican namaDemocrats ngezizathu ezahlukene kodwa izinkampani zobuchwepheshe namaqembu alwela amalungelo edijithali awuvikele njengobalulekile ku-inthanethi esebenzayo.
Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezibandakanyeka ecaleni zithethe umthetho weminyaka engu-27 njengengxenye yempikiswano yokuthi kungani kungafanele babhekane namacala okuthiwa banikeze ukwazi, usizo olukhulu ezenzweni zobuphekula ngokubamba noma ngokuncoma okuqukethwe kobuphekula.
Iqoqo lezinqumo ezimelene nomkhakha wezobuchwepheshe linganciphisa kakhulu iSigaba 230 kanye nokuvikela kwaso okusemthethweni kumawebhusayithi nezinkampani zenkundla yezokuxhumana. Uma lokho kwenzeka, izinqumo zeNkantolo zingadalula izinkundla eziku-inthanethi ezinhlobonhlobo zamacala amasha ngendlela ezethula ngayo okuqukethwe kubasebenzisi. Umphumela onjalo ungamela imikhawulo ebaluleke kakhulu eyake yabekwa esivikelweni esisemthethweni esandulela izinkundla ezinkulu zenkundla yezokuxhumana futhi esizivumele ukuba ziqedele amacala amaningi ahlobene nokuqukethwe ku-bud.
Futhi kuningi okungenzeka kuyeza: iNkantolo Ephakeme ngisazindla noma ngabe ukulalela amacala amaningana engeziwe anemiphumela yeSigaba 230, kuyilapho amalungu eCongress ezwakalise isasasa elivuselelwe lokuhlehlisa ukuvikela umthetho kumawebhusayithi, futhi uMongameli Joe Biden wabiza okufanayo ku-op-ed yakamuva.
Nakhu konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana neSigaba 230, umthetho obizwa ngokuthi “amagama angama-26 adala i-inthanethi.”
Iphasiswe ngo-1996 ngezinsuku zokuqala zeWebhu Yomhlaba Wonke, Isigaba sama-230 soMthetho Wokuhlonipheka Kwezokuxhumana sasihloselwe ukukhulisa abasafufusa kanye nosomabhizinisi. I umbhalo womthetho yabona ukuthi i-inthanethi yayisencane futhi yazibeka engcupheni yokuminyanisa ingasekho uma abanikazi bewebhusayithi bengamangalelwa ngezinto ezithunyelwe ngabanye abantu.
Omunye wabadwebi bomthetho, iSen ye-Oregon Democratic, u-Ron Wyden, kusho ukuthi ngaphandle kweSigaba 230, “yonke imithombo yezindaba eku-inthanethi ingabhekana nokuhlasela kwamacala okukholwa okungalungile nemikhankaso yengcindezi evela kwabanamandla” ifuna ukubathulisa.
Ubuye wathi iSigaba 230 sinikeza amawebhusayithi amandla ngokuqondile ukuthi asuse okuqukethwe akholelwa ukuthi akuphikiswa ngokudala itheku eliphephile “lomSamariya olungileyo”: Ngaphansi kweSigaba 230, amawebhusayithi ajabulela ukungavikeleki kokulinganisa okuqukethwe ngezindlela abona kufanele – hhayi ngokuthandwa ngabanye – nakuba. uhulumeni wobumbano usengamangalela izinkundla zokwephula imithetho yempahla yobugebengu noma yobuhlakani.
Ngokuphambene nalokho okushiwo abanye osopolitiki, ukuvikelwa kweSigaba 230 akuxhomekile ekutheni inkundla ingathathi hlangothi kwezombusazwe noma ngokwemibono. Umthetho futhi awudingi ukuthi iwebhusayithi ifakwe esigabeni somshicileli ukuze “ifanelekele” ukuvikelwa kwesikweletu. Ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nencazelo “yesevisi yekhompuyutha esebenzisanayo,” amawebhusayithi akudingeki enze lutho ukuze azuze izinzuzo zeSigaba 230 – asebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Isimiso esimaphakathi somthetho sithi amawebhusayithi (nabasebenzisi bawo) awakwazi ukuphathwa ngokusemthethweni njengabashicileli noma izikhulumi zokuqukethwe kwabanye abantu. NgesiNgisi esilula, lokho kusho ukuthi noma imuphi umthwalo wemfanelo ongokomthetho ohambisana nokushicilela ingxenye ethile yokuqukethwe uphela ngomuntu noma ibhizinisi elikudalile, hhayi izinkundla lapho okuqukethwe okwabiwe khona noma abasebenzisi abaphinda babelana ngakho.
Ulimi olubonakala lulula lweSigaba 230 luphikisana nomthelela waso omkhulu. Izinkantolo sezamukele kaningi iSigaba 230 njengesivikela izinsolo zokwehliswa isithunzi, ubudedengu nezinye izinsolo. Esikhathini esedlule, ivikelwe i-AOL, i-Craigslist, i-Google ne-Yahoo, yakha indikimba yomthetho ebanzi nenomthelela kangangokuthi izothathwa njengensika ye-inthanethi yanamuhla.
“I-inthanethi yamahhala nevulekile njengoba sazi ukuthi ibingeke ibe khona ngaphandle kweSigaba 230,” i-Electronic Frontier Foundation, iqembu lamalungelo edijithali, ubhalile. “Izinqumo ezibalulekile zenkantolo ngeSigaba 230 zibambe ukuthi abasebenzisi namasevisi abanakumangalelwa ngokuthumela i-imeyili, ukuphatha ukubuyekezwa ku-inthanethi, noma ukwabelana ngezithombe noma amavidiyo abanye abawathola engafaneleki. Kuyasiza nokuxazulula ngokushesha amacala angenasisekelo esingokomthetho.”
Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, abagxeki beSigaba 230 baye baqhubeka bengabaza ubukhulu bomthetho kanye nemikhawulo ehlongozwayo ezimeni lapho amawebhusayithi anganxenxa khona isihlangu esisemthethweni.
Sekuyiminyaka, ukugxekwa okukhulu kweSigaba 230 kuvela kubantu abalandela imithetho yemvelo abathi umthetho uvumela izinkundla zokuxhumana ukuthi zicindezele imibono eqotho ngezizathu zezepolitiki.
Ngokuvikela inkululeko yezinkundla yokulinganisela okuqukethwe njengoba bebona kufanele, iSigaba 230 sivikela amawebhusayithi emacaleni angase avele kulolo hlobo lokulinganiswa kokuqukethwe okusekelwe embonweni, nakuba izinkampani zenkundla yezokuxhumana zithe azenzi izinqumo zokuqukethwe ngokusekelwe emibonweni kodwa kunalokho. ngokwephulwa kwezinqubomgomo zabo.
Ukuphatha kukaTrump kuzamile ukuguqula okunye kwalokhu kugxeka kube yinqubomgomo ebambekayo ebingaba nemiphumela ebalulekile, ukube iphumelele. Isibonelo, ngo-2020, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa ukhiphe isiphakamiso somthetho ngezinguquko zeSigaba 230 ezingadala ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka kwamawebhusayithi afuna ukuvikelwa komthetho. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-White House yakhipha incwadi i-executive order icela i-Federal Communications Commission ukuthi ihumushe iSigaba 230 ngendlela encane kakhulu.
Umyalelo wesigungu ubhekane nenani lezinkinga zomthetho nezinqubo, okungenani zazo okwakuyiqiniso lokuthi i-FCC ayiyona ingxenye yegatsha lezokwahlulela; ukuthi ayilawuli izinkundla zokuxhumana noma izinqumo zokulinganisa okuqukethwe; nokuthi kuyinhlangano ezimele, ngokomthetho, engathathi isiqondiso esivela eNdlu Emhlophe.
Noma imizamo yesikhathi sikaTrump yokunciphisa iSigaba 230 ingakaze ibe nezithelo, abagcina imithetho yemvelo basafuna amathuba okwenza lokho. Futhi ababodwa. Kusukela ngo-2016, lapho indima yezinkundla zokuxhumana ekusabalaliseni ulwazi olusha okhethweni lwaseRussia ivula inkhulumomphendvulwano kazwelonke mayelana nokuphatha kwezinkampani okuqukethwe okunobuthi, amaDemocrats ayanda ukuthuka iSigaba 230.
Ngokuvikela inkululeko yamapulatifomu yokulinganisela okuqukethwe njengoba bebona kufanelekile, amaDemocrats athe, Isigaba 230 sivumele amawebhusayithi ukuba abaleke ekuphenduleni ngokusingatha inkulumo enenzondo kanye nolwazi olungaqondile abanye abalubone njengento engafanelekiyo kodwa izinkampani zenkundla yezokuxhumana azikwazi noma ngeke zilususe. ngokwabo.
Umphumela uwukuzonda okubili kweSigaba 230, ngisho noma izinhlangothi zombili zingakwazi ukuvumelana ngokuthi kungani iSigaba 230 sinephutha noma yiziphi izinqubomgomo ezingase zithathe indawo yaso ngokufanelekile.
“Ngingazimisela ukubheja ukuthi uma sivotela ukuchithwa kweSigaba 230, sizosula leli komiti cishe ngawo wonke amavoti,” kusho uSen. Sheldon Whitehouse waseRhode Island esigcawini sokulalelwa kwecala ngeledlule lesigungu seSenate Judiciary. Ikomidi. “Inkinga, lapho sigiya khona, wukuthi sifuna abangu-230 nangaphezulu. Sifuna ukuqeda u-230 bese sibe ne-‘XYZ.’ Futhi asivumelani ngokuthi iyini i-‘XYZ’.
Umnqamulajuqu usufake umfutho omkhulu wokushintsha iSigaba 230 ezinkantolo – ikakhulukazi, iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-US, manje esenethuba lalesi sikhathi sokusho ukuthi umthetho ufinyelela kude kangakanani.
Abagxeki bezobuchwepheshe bacele ukuchayeka kwezomthetho okwengeziwe nokuziphendulela. “Imboni enkulu yenkundla yezokuxhumana ikhule ivikelekile kakhulu ezinkantolo kanye nokuthuthuka okujwayelekile kwendikimba yomthetho. Kuyinto engajwayelekile ukuthi imboni yomhlaba wonke enethonya elimangalisayo ivikelwe ekuphenyweni ngamajaji,” kubhala i-Anti-Defamation League. Umfushane weNkantolo Ephakeme.
Kuma-tech giants, ngisho nakubancintisana abaningi be-Big Tech abanolaka, kungaba yinto embi, ngoba izobukela phansi lokho okuvumele i-inthanethi ukuthi ichume. Kungase kubeke amawebhusayithi amaningi nabasebenzisi engozini yezomthetho engazi futhi engazelelwe, bathi, futhi izoshintsha kakhulu indlela amanye amawebhusayithi asebenza ngayo ukuze agweme isikweletu.
Inkundla yezokuxhumana iReddit iphikisene ngo Umfushane weNkantolo Ephakeme ukuthi uma iSigaba 230 sincishiswa ukuze ukuvikela kwaso kungafaki izincomo zesayithi zokuqukethwe umsebenzisi angase akujabulele, lokho “kungakhulisa ngokumangalisayo amandla wabasebenzisi be-inthanethi okumangalelwa ngokusebenzisana kwabo ku-inthanethi.”
“‘Izincomo’ iyona kanye into eyenza iReddit ibe yindawo enempilo,” kubhala inkampani kanye nomengameli abaningana abangamavolontiya beReddit. “Ngabasebenzisi abavotela phezulu futhi abavotile okuqukethwe, bese benquma ukuthi yikuphi okuthunyelwe okugqamayo nokuthi yikuphi okufiphala kube mnyama.”
Abantu bazoyeka ukusebenzisa i-Reddit, futhi omengameli bazoyeka ukuzithandela, kwaphikiswa kafushane, ngaphansi kombuso osemthethweni “osengozini enkulu yokumangalelwa ‘ngokuncoma’ iposi elihlambalazayo noma elihlukumezayo elidalwe ngomunye umuntu.”
Yize izimpikiswano zomlomo zaleli sonto zingeke zibe ukuphela kwenkulumo-mpikiswano ngeSigaba 230, umphumela wamacala ungaholela ezinguqukweni ezinkulu ezingakaze zibonwe yi-inthanethi ngaphambili – ezinhle noma ezimbi.
