Riaan Umbono EHollywood, ubuchopho ezitsheni busho izinto ezintathu. Ososayensi abahlanyayo basebenza, siphazamisa amandla esingakwazi ukuwalawula, futhi kukhona into esabekayo ezayo. Manje senza ubuchopho emabhodweni okwangempela: ososayensi abahlanyayo base-Johns Hopkins University futhi amandla abawaphazamisayo ahlanganisa amageyimu evidiyo. Yebo, kuzoba nezilo ezintsha, kodwa ezinye ezindala zizobulawa endleleni.
Asikho isidingo sokuphuthuma e-Amazon ukuze ulethelwe usuku olulandelayo kuma-pitchforks, noma kunjalo. Ososayensi abahlanyisi ukwedlula noma ngubani okhetha ukusebenza ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme kulezi zinsuku, futhi baqhuba umsebenzi osuqhamuke emhlabeni wonke noma cishe amashumi amabili eminyaka. Ubuchopho bunjalo izigaxa ezincane zamangqamuzana ezinzwa okuthiwa ama-organoidsimbiza iyisitsha sikaPetri, futhi amandla abo odwa adlalayo Pong, lowo mdlalo ononxande ababili abamhlophe nesikwele esisodwa esiphelele. I-hype yangesonto eledlule, yokuthi lokhu kungaletha amandla amangalisayo okuhlanganisa obuchopho ku-AI, kuyiqiniso futhi akunamsebenzi nhlobo. Kuzoba inganekwane yesayensi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ama-Organoids abaluleke kakhulu kunalokho.
Konke lokhu kwaqala ngokuqaphela ukuthi ezinye izilwane ezindala zingaphinde zikhule izitho zomzimba, ziphindaphinde indlela imibungu eshintsha ngayo isuke ekubeni yinqwaba yamangqamuzana afanayo ibe izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Wonke amaseli ane-DNA anolwazi lokwenza lokhu, kodwa amanye kuphela – abizwa ngama-stem cell – angakwazi.
Ukuhlolwa ngamaseli esiqu athathwe emibungu kukhiqize ama-organoid okuqala, noma izinyanda zethishu ezincane eziphindaphinda ukwakheka nokusebenza kwesitho, kodwa kwakuyikhono lokuguqula amangqamuzana avamile asuka kubantu abadala abuyele emangqamuzaneni futhi aphinde ukuhlola okwakhahlela izinto egiyeni eliphezulu. Ucwaningo lwe-embryo yomuntu lulawulwa kakhulu, kodwa akekho owayenendaba nokuziphatha kwengqamuzana lesikhumba. Ama-organoid abantu ayekumenyu. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi esithile emuva: Usosayensi ebizwa ngokuthi ucwaningo lwe-organoid enye ye intuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu yango-2013ngawo lowo nyaka izivumelwano ezisemthethweni ezethulwa ngawo ama-organoids e-cerebral – lezo eziphindaphinda izakhiwo ngaphakathi kobuchopho bomuntu. Iya emijahweni.
Eminyakeni eyishumi kuqhubeke, sinoJohns Hopkins ophakela isidlo sezigidi eziyi-100 zama-neurons abantu abakwazi ukuxhumana nezisusa, ukufunda ukuqashelwa nokufinyelela izinqumo. Lokhu akukona ukulingisa noma ukumodela izinqubo zemizwa ezakha ukwazi emakhanda ethu, yilezo zinqubo. Lokho akusho ukuthi bayakwazi, noma ukuthi bazofika maduze. Manje sesazi okuningi mayelana nokuthi ubuchopho buhlelwa kanjani bube amakholomu ajwayelekile aphatha imisebenzi ejwayelekile, ahlanganiswe abe amayunithi amakhulu asebenzayo ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ehlelekile eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu; ama-cerebral organoid ezitsheni ze-Johns Hopkins angokwesibalo se-neuron cishe ingxenye eyodwa yezigidi ezintathu zakho konke lokho. Zikude kakhulu nomsebenzi ogcwele walokho okuphakathi kwezindlebe zakho njengoba indawo yokuhlala ye-Neolithic ivela eCalifornia. Inqubo yentuthuko ukusuka komunye uye komunye ngeke iveze izimfihlo zayo kalula.
Ungalenzi iphutha, amandla okucwaninga ayingqayizivele okufunda mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho, ukwakheka nokusebenza ajabulisa kakhulu futhi abalulekile. Uma unendaba nalokho abanye abakubiza ngokuthi umbuzo onzima we-AI, nabanye isayensi yokuqonda, khona-ke lena inkambu okufanele uyibuke. Kodwa ngeke kuthakasele ngokwentengiso amashumi amaningi eminyaka, uma kungenjalo, okungenani ingekho kumodeli ephakanyisiwe yamandla aphansi kakhulu, izengezo zokuhlaziya idatha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kumakhompuyutha avamile. Ngisho nokugcina ama-blobs ondlekile futhi ephila ngezinga elikhulu kuwumkhombandlela wezimfihlakalo. Ukukhuluma “ngobuhlakani be-organoid” kuyindlela enhle nehloniphekile yokuxhasa ucwaningo olwengeziwe, kulezi zinsuku lapho i-AI/ML ifashini kakhulu, kodwa akuyona inyama yangempela.
Kunezindawo ezintathu phakathi kweziningi lapho ucwaningo lwe-organoid lubaluleke kakhulu futhi luzobona umthelela osheshayo emphakathini. Ngokukhipha ukuthuthukiswa kwesitho emzimbeni futhi ungene esitsheni, ngokushesha kwenza ucwaningo oluyisisekelo mayelana nezitho ezinempilo nezigulayo zifinyeleleke kakhulu. Ivula izinguquko zofuzo ezingatholakali ngenye indlela, futhi izenze zifinyeleleke. Ngama-cerebral organoid, lokhu kusho ukufinyelela elabhorethri ezinqubweni eziwohlokayo neziphazamisayo ezibangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu.
Enye indawo ebalulekile ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Ukwenza izinto ezintsha ezilwaneni eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, hhayi nje abantu, kugcwele kakhulu ukuziphatha kunokuhlola ukugula, yona ngokwayo egcwele ngokwanele. Ukuthi shazi ku Izinsolo ezigcwele iphrojekthi ka-Elon Musk’s Neuralink ikhombisa ukuthi lokho kungase kuhambe kubi kangakanani: akekho ozikhathazayo ngezitsha zikaPetri. Ngakho-ke lapha, ubuchopho obusezitsheni empeleni buvikela ososayensi abahlanya.
Okuholela kwesesithathu futhi, ikakhulukazi i-cerebral organoids, isici esibaluleke kakhulu salo msebenzi: izimiso zokuziphatha. Ngokunembayo, ngokuvula indlela eya Blade Runner amazinga wamasistimu okwenziwa angalingisi kodwa ahlanganisa kabusha ibhayoloji, ekugcineni sizinika amathuluzi hhayi nje kuphela okuphenya ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba ibhizinisi eliqaphelayo, kodwa sifuna ukuthi senze lolo phenyo. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo manje aziboni ukwazi njengemfanelo yomuntu eyingqayizivele, kodwa inqwaba yokuqwashisa efinyelela ekujuleni kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezinemingcele esingayiboni futhi esingayiqondi. Ngaliphi ilungelo esizinikeza ngalo isikhundla esikhethekile? Futhi kulabo ababambe, emazwini okuwukuphela kwe-hyperbolic e-Monty Python, ukuthi sonke isidoda singcwele, kuthiwani uma lokho kuyiqiniso kuwo wonke ama-flake of dandruff? Ezindabeni ezinjalo, abacwaningi abaningi nabasebenzi basemtholampilo sebevele babizwa ngokuthi izilo: ngokungangabazeki lolu cwaningo luzodala okunye okunjalo.
Kulula ukubilisa izimiso zokuziphatha ze-AI/ML kuze kufike kokuthi “Ingabe kuzongilimaza futhi ngikumisa kanjani?” Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza izinto zibe lula kakhulu lapho ukuzwelana nomshini kusekelwe kukhokho ofanayo. Umhlaba ozovela esitsheni se-organoid Petri uzoshintsha indlela esizibona ngayo, futhi singenza izilo noma izingelosi ngalokho esifisa ngakho. Kodwa kuyodingeka senze lokho kukhetha. Izinsuku ze Pong ngeke kuhlale isikhathi eside. ®
