Riaan Amagundane, abantu bawo emadolobheni aqhume ngesikhathi sodlame, manje asejoyine uhlu lwezilwane zasendle okukholakala ukuthi ziyakwazi ukubamba nokudlulisa leli gciwane elibangela i-COVID-19, ucwaningo olusha luthole.
Phakathi ku funda eshicilelwe ngoLwesine kumagazini i-mBio, abacwaningi babonise ukuthi amagundane – njengezinja, amakati, ama-hamster, ama-ferrets kanye abanye abantu abahlala ndawonye – bangacosha igciwane lobhubhane endaweni abahlala kuyo.
Ababonakali begula kakhulu; awekho amagundane asendle atheleleke ngamabomu elebhu alahlekelwa isisindo noma afa ngenxa yalokho. Kepha lapho amagundane evezwa okuhlukile kwe-Alpha, Delta kanye ne-Omicron ye-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, abacwaningi bathola ubufakazi bokuphindaphinda kwegciwane emakhaleni, emilonyeni, emphinjeni nasemaphashini ezilwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwamagundane angama-79 okuthiwa ansundu (I-Rattus norvegicus) kuqoqwe ngaphakathi nasezindaweni ezizungezile indle yaseNew York City kuvele izimpawu zokuthi abangu-13 bavezwe yi-coronavirus futhi bathola impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba. Impela, ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kwezicubu zokuphefumula zamagundane kuphakamise ukuthi amagundane amane kwangu-79 ayenezifo ezisebenzayo lapho exoshwa.
Ucwaningo lwenziwe ososayensi boMnyango Wezolimo wase-US, i-Walter Reed Army Institute of Research kanye neNyuvesi yaseMissouri. Kuletha ku-11 isibalo “samadamu” ezilwane zasendle ezaziwayo zaleli gciwane eliwubhubhane, okukhonjiswe ukuthi lithelela izinyamazane, imink, ama-otters, ama-gorilla, amabhubesi namahlosi.
Ukuba khona kwaleli gciwane kuzo zonke lezo zinhlobo akuqinisekisi kuphela ukuthi i-coronavirus ayisoze yashabalala phakathi kwethu. Kuphinde kuphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi, njengoba leli gciwane elihlala lishintsha lizijwayelanisa nababungazi abasha nabahluke kakhulu, lizovela ngezindlela ezilenza lingabonakali kubantu abebecabanga ukuthi sebengavikelekile kulo.
Amagundane ansundu, aziwa nangokuthi amagundane aseNorway, asehlalisane nabantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka futhi angabasabalalisi bezifo zabantu. Ukuchayeka endle, umchamo noma amathe kwaziwa ngokusakaza i-hantavirus, i-leptospirosis, i-lymphocytic choriomeningitis, i-tularemia ne-salmonella.
Njengoba ubhubhane lwehla, okutholakele okusha kuphakamisa isimo esishaqisayo lapho amagundane asendle, abantu bawo emadolobheni ase-US abone ukukhula okuqhuma eminyakeni emithathu edlule, angeke abe nje kuphela i-vector yokutheleleka kabusha kwabantu kodwa futhi abe umthombo wezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha. ezigwema isivikelo sethu emithini yokugoma noma ezifweni zesikhathi esidlule.
Igundane lishiya umgodi walo epaki endaweni yaseChinatown eNew York.
(UMary Altaffer / Associated Press)
Uma i-coronavirus iphinda ihlangana nelinye igciwane elithwelwe amagundane, noma uma livele liguquke ukuze lisakazeke kalula phakathi kwaleso sibalo sabantu, umphumela ungaba igciwane lesandulela ngculaza elikwazi ukuqala kabusha lo bhubhane, kusho ababhali bocwaningo.
Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela “isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuqapha kwe-SARS-CoV-2 emiphakathini yamagundane ukuze … idluliselwe kubantu,” babhala.
Abanye abacwaningi baphakamise ukuthi umehluko webhayoloji phakathi kwabantu namagundane asendle wenze lesi sibalo sezilwane zasendle sibe yindawo evundile kakhulu yokwethula ukuguqulwa kwegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2.
Ababhali bacaphuna ucwaningo oluphakamisa ukuthi amagundane kungenzeka abe neqhaza ekuguqukeni kokuhlukile kwe-Omicron. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi okunye ukuguqulwa kwe-Omicron kwenza igciwane likwazi ukunamathela kumaseli angamagundane ngaphezu kokuba lithuthukise ukunamathela kwalo kumaseli omuntu. Kodwa co-writer Henry Wan we-University of Missouri School of Medicine uvumile ukuthi “lokhu kusewukuqagela nje.”
Kusele inselelo yokwazi ukuthi amagundane anegciwane angayidlulisela kanjani i-coronavirus kubantu.
Ababhali bocwaningo bakhombise ukuthi ezimeni zaselabhorethri, amagundane atheleleke nge-coronavirus ehlobene athola izifo kanye negciwane elichithiwe. Futhi, njengabantu, la magundane angatheleleka ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Ukuthola ukuthi la magundane anegciwane ayakwazi ukusabalalisa amagciwane awo kuphakamisa ithemba elidumazayo lokuthi njengoba amagundane ehla enyuka ezindaweni ezithintwe abantu, amakhala awo angafaka uketshezi lokuphefumula oluletha leli gciwane kubantu. Ngenkathi ukudluliswa kwe-aerosol kube yindlela yokuqala i-coronavirus esabalale ngayo phakathi kwabantu, ukuthola leli gciwane ngokuthinta kuyakhathaza futhi.
