Riaan 
Ama-Smartphones agxekwa “ngokukhohlisa” noma “ukukopela” izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu. Kodwa zonke izithombe ezikhona ziqukethe inkohliso, futhi akuyona into embi.
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buhlasele ikhamera yakho ye-smartphone ngomgomo owodwa—ukucekela phansi izithombe zakho futhi ugcwalise ikhanda lakho ngamanga! Okungenani, lowo umbono ongawubona kwezinye izihloko. Ubuchwepheshe bekhamera yama-smartphone buthuthuka ngokushesha, okuholela ekudidekeni okuthile mayelana nokuthi yini “impela” kanye “nenkohliso.”
Hhayi-ke, nginezindaba ezinhle; sonke isithombe esikhona “siyinkohliso.” Akunandaba ukuthi yadutshulwa ku-smartphone kusukela ngo-2023 noma ikhamera yefilimu kusukela ngo-1923. Kuhlala kukhona ubuqili obuqhubekayo ngemuva kwezigcawu.
Izithiyo Zomzimba zamakhamera efoni
Uma unamathisele ilensi yekhamera enosayizi ogcwele ocingweni, kungaba isimangaliso. Ama-Smartphones adinga ukuba mancane, aminyene, futhi ahlale isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke athambekele ekusebenziseni izinzwa zekhamera namalensi amancane ngendlela emangalisayo.
Le hardware ye-teensy-weensy idala izingqinamba eziningana zomzimba. Ngenkathi i-smartphone ingaba nenzwa engu-50MP, usayizi wenzwa empeleni mncane kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ukukhanya okuncane kungafinyelela kuphikseli ngayinye. Lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni okuphansi kokukhanya okuphansi futhi kungethula umsindo esithombeni.
Usayizi welensi nawo ubalulekile. Amalensi ekhamera amancane awakwazi ukuletha ithoni yokukhanya, ngakho ugcina unebanga eliguquguqukayo elincishisiwe futhi, nakuphinda, wehlise ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphansi. Ilensi encane iphinde isho indawo encane, engakwazi ukukhiqiza ukujula kwenkambu engajulile ukuze kufiphaliswe ingemuva noma imithelela ye-“bokeh”.
Ezingeni lomzimba, ama-smartphones awakwazi ukuthatha izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bezinzwa namalensi ilithuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi yamakhamera ahlakaniphile, kodwa amakhamera angcono kakhulu e-smartphone avela ezinkampanini ezisebenzisa “ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha.”
Amakhamera Efoni Asebenzisa Isofthiwe Ukuze “Ukukopela”
Amakhamera we-smartphone angcono kakhulu avela ku-Apple, Google, ne-Samsung—abaholi abathathu ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware. Lokhu akukhona ukuqondana. Ukuze udlule imikhawulo yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zamakhamera ahlakaniphile, le mikhiqizo isebenzisa “izithombe zekhompyutha” ukucubungula nokuthuthukisa izithombe.
Omakhalekhukhwini basebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuthatha izithombe zekhompyutha ukuze bakhiqize isithombe sekhwalithi ephezulu. Amanye alawa masu ayabikezelwa; ifoni izolungisa ngokuzenzakalela umbala nebhalansi emhlophe yesithombe, noma “ingase ‘yenze ibe nhle” isihloko ngokulola nokukhanyisa ubuso bayo.
Kodwa izindlela ezithuthuke kakhulu zokuthatha izithombe zekhompyutha zidlulela ngale kokuhlela isithombe okulula.
Thatha “i-stacking,” isibonelo. Uma ucindezela inkinobho yokuvala ocingweni lwakho, kuthatha izithombe eziningi phakathi kwebanga lama-millisecond ambalwa. Isithombe ngasinye senziwe ngezilungiselelo ezihluke kancane—ezinye zifiphele, ezinye zivezwe kakhulu, futhi ezinye zisondeziwe. Zonke lezi zithombe zihlanganisiwe ukuze zikhiqize isithombe esinobubanzi obuguqukayo obuphezulu, imibala eqinile, nokufiphala okuncane kokunyakaza.
Ukupakisha kuwumqondo oyinhloko ngemuva kwezithombe ze-HDR, futhi kuyisiqalo senani elikhulu lama-algorithms wokuthwebula izithombe. Imodi yasebusuku, isibonelo, isebenzisa ukupakisha ukukhiqiza isithombe sasebusuku esikhanyayo ngaphandle kwesikhathi eside sokuchayeka (esingathula ukufiphala kokunyakaza nezinye izinkinga).
Futhi, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, amakhamera we-smartphone awakwazi ukukhiqiza insimu engajulile. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, ama-smartphones amaningi anikezela ngemodi yokuma ngobude esebenzisa isoftware ukulinganisa ukujula. Imiphumela ishaywe kakhulu noma iphuthelwe, ikakhulukazi uma unezinwele ezinde noma ezifrize, kodwa ingcono kunalutho.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha “ukukopela,” njengoba kuhlanekezela amakhono ekhamera ye-smartphone yakho futhi kukhiqiza isithombe “esingelona iqiniso”. Angiqiniseki ukuthi kungani lokhu kungaba ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha akuphelele, kodwa kukuvumela ukuthi uthathe izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu usebenzisa ihadiwe yekhwalithi ephansi. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kukusondeza esithombeni “sangempela” kanye “nesemvelo” esinomqondo wokujula nobubanzi obuguqukayo.
Isibonelo esihle kakhulu salokhu “ukukopela” i-Samsung’s “umbango wenyanga.” Ukukhangisa amandla okusondeza e-Galaxy S22 Ultra, abakwaSamsung banqume ukwenza i-algorithm yezithombe zenyanga. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-AI eyenza izithombe ezingcolile zenyanga zibukeke kancane kancane crappy ngokwengeza imininingwane engekho esithombeni sokuqala. Kuyisici esingenamsebenzi, kodwa uma udinga ukuthatha isithombe senyanga ngekhamera encane kunesenti, ngingacabanga ukuthi “ukukopela” kuyadingeka.
Sekushiwo lokho, ngikhathazekile ngezindlela ezidukisayo ezinye izinkampani ezikhangisa ngazo amathuluzi azo okuthwebula izithombe. Futhi okungikhathaza kakhulu wumbhedo “wokudutshulwa ku-iPhone” noma “ukushuthwa ku-Pixel” abenzi bezingcingo abawudayisayo unyaka ngamunye. Lezi zikhangiso zenziwa ngesabelomali sesigidi samadola, ama-lens amakhulu afaka amafutha, nokuhlela okuphrofeshinali. Umbono wokuthi ungaphinda ukhiqize esinye salezi zikhangiso ungenalutho ngaphandle kwe-smartphone kuyinto elula, uma kungewona amanga aluhlaza.
Akuyona Into Entsha Lokhu
Abanye abantu abaneme ngezithombe zekhompyutha. Baphikisa ngokuthi alimelelanga iqiniso, ngakho-ke, kumelwe ukuba kubi! Amakhamera kufanele akunikeze isithombe esiqondile esingena kulensi yekhamera—noma yini enye ingamanga!
Nansi into; zonke izithombe ziqukethe izinga elithile “lomgunyathi.” Akunandaba ukuthi isithombe sithathwe ocingweni, kukhamera ye-DSLR, noma kukhamera yefilimu.
Ake sibheke inqubo yokuthatha izithombe zefilimu. Ifilimu yekhamera imbozwe nge-emulsion ye-photosensitive. Lapho ishutha yekhamera ivuleka, le emulsion ibonakala ekukhanyeni, ishiye umkhondo wamakhemikhali ongabonakali wesithombe. Ifilimu idutshulwe ngochungechunge lwamakhemikhali ukuze kukhiqizwe i-negative engapheli, evezwa ephepheni eline-emulsion ukuze lenze isithombe esiphrintiwe (kahle, iphepha lesithombe lidinga nokugeza ngamakhemikhali, kodwa yilokho okuyisisekelo sakho).
Isinyathelo ngasinye kule nqubo sithinta indlela isithombe esibukeka ngayo. Olunye uhlobo lwefilimu lungase lugcwale okubomvu nokuhlaza ngokweqile, kanti olunye uhlobo lwefilimu lungase lubonakale lufiphele. Amakhemikhali e-Darkroom angase aguqule umbala wesithombe noma ibhalansi emhlophe. Futhi ukuphrinta isithombe ephepheni lesithombe kwethula okuguquguqukayo okwengeziwe, yingakho amalebhu amafilimu amaningi esebenzisa ishidi lokubhekisela (noma ikhompuyutha) ukuze adayele umbala nokuchayeka.
Abantu abaningi ababenekhamera yefilimu kwakungebona abathwebuli bezithombe abangochwepheshe. Babengakwazi ukulawula inqubo yokunyathelisa, futhi ngokuqinisekile abazange bakhethe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali efilimu yabo. Akuzwakali yini lokho? Abakhiqizi bamafilimu namalebhu ezithombe “babeyizithombe zekhompyutha” zosuku lwabo.
Kodwa kuthiwani nge-DSLR yesimanje namakhamera angenazibuko? Nokho, ngiyaxolisa ukusho, kodwa wonke amakhamera edijithali enza ukucubungula izithombe. Bangase balungise isithombe ngokuhlanekezela amalensi noma banciphise umsindo esithombeni. Kodwa uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokucubungula empeleni ukuminyanisa ifayela, okungashintsha ngokuphelele umbala nebhalansi emhlophe yesithombe (i-JPEG iqukethe imibala eyizigidi ezimbalwa kuphela). Amanye amakhamera akuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze Amafayela wesithombe RAWezicutshungulwa kancane kodwa ezivame ukubukeka “ziyisicaba” noma “zifiphele” ngaphandle kokuhlela okuphrofeshinali.
Zonke Izithombe “Ziyinkohliso,” Futhi Akuyona Indaba Enkulu
Iqiniso liyingxenye ebalulekile yezithombe. Kwesinye isikhathi sifuna isithombe esimela ngokunembile isikhashana ngesikhathi, amaphutha nakho konke. Kodwa kaningi, sicela amakhamera ethu ukuthi ashuthe a kuhle isithombe, ngisho nasezimeni ezingezinhle—sicela umgunyathi.
Lokhu kukhwabanisa kudinga intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ngale kwelensi yekhamera. Futhi ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha, naphezu kokungapheleli kwakho nokuzungeza kokumaketha, ubuchwepheshe esibudingayo njengamanje.
Sekushiwo lokho, izinkampani ezifana ne-Google, i-Apple, ne-Samsung zidinga ukubeka obala kumakhasimende azo. Sihlale sihlaselwa izikhangiso ezinweba iqiniso, okuholela abantu abaningi ukuthi bakholelwe ukuthi ama-smartphones afana namakhamera anosayizi ogcwele noma wezinga lochwepheshe. Lokhu akulona iqiniso, futhi kuze kube yilapho amakhasimende eqonda ukuthi kwenzakalani, azohlala ecasuka mayelana nokuthatha izithombe ngekhompyutha.
