Riaan Isimemezelo esimangalisayo sokuqaliswa kabusha kobudlelwano bobunxusa phakathi kweSaudi Arabia ne-Iranngenxa yesivumelwano esenziwa yi-Beijing, sigcizelela intshisekelo yohulumeni bezifunda ekunciphiseni ukungezwani – kanye nokuzimisela kwe-China ukusebenzisa amandla ayo omnotho ukuze ikufeze lokho.
Yize izingqapheli, ikakhulukazi izikhulu zaseMelika, zixwayisa ngokuthi iBeijing ikweletwa kakhulu ngalesi sivumelwano, esethulwe ngoLwesihlanu, ukuxoxisana kungase kubonakale njengocingo lokuvusa iWashington, olunamandla okuthuthukisa izibalo nobudlelwano bayo besikhathi eside. eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Ukwakha umfelandawonye ngokumelene ne-Iran kuhlanganise i-US kanye namazwe amaningi alesi sifunda, futhi kwaba nomphumela owawungacatshangwa ngaphambili wokukhuthaza ubudlelwano bezokuxhumana. phakathi kuka-Israyeli nezifunda eziningana zama-Arab ngaphambili eyenqaba ukuvuma ukuba khona kuka-Israyeli.
Kodwa detente entsha phakathi Tehran futhi Riyadh, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweyisikhombisa ngezinye izikhathi-bellicosis inzondo, kukhombisa ukuthi abalingani base-US besifunda njengeSaudi Arabia baya ngokuya bezimisele ukuhamba ngendlela yabo. Ngethemba lokuthi umbuso ocebe ngowoyela ungase uhlanganyele namanye amazwe ama-Arab afana ne-Bahrain ne-United Arab Emirates ekuhlonipheni i-Israel, ngenxa yokwesaba okuhlanganyelwe kwe-Iran, manje abonakala engabaza.
Noma kunjalo, izikhulu zokuphatha i-Biden zashesha ukuncoma lokhu kuphumelela kwezombusazwe ngoba, uma kufezwa, kungadambisa izingxabano eziqondile kanye nezama-proxy ezikhungethe i-Middle East. Izikhulu zaseMelika ziphinde zafuna ukubukela phansi indima yeChina, zathi i-Iraq nezinye izifundazwe zase-Arab Gulf nazo ziyathinteka futhi zaphawula ukuthi lesi akusona isivumelwano i-US engasihlela ngoba iWashington ngokwayo abukho ubudlelwano obusemthethweni neTehran.
“Uma kukhulunywa ngeqhaza lethu esifundeni … ngiba nesikhathi esinzima sokugoqa ikhanda lami kokuthi ‘indima yethu ingase ithathelwe indawo’ lapho lingekho izwe eMhlabeni elenze okwengeziwe ukusiza ukwakha indawo ezinzile, edidiyelwe kakhudlwana,” Okhulumela uMnyango Wezwe uNed Price uthe ngoMsombuluko.
Kodwa ukukhula kweqhaza leShayina eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kulandela imisebenzi yayo ejulile yezomnotho nezokuxhumana e-Afrika naseLatin America, sekuyinto engokoqobo ebhekene ne-US kanye neNtshonalanga.
Lokho kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi mayelana ne-Iran, umnotho wayo okhubazekile ngenxa yenswinyo obala i-China njengozakwethu ohamba phambili kwezohwebo kule minyaka eyishumi edlule; ngo-2021, yasayina isivumelwano sokutshalwa kwezimali kwaseShayina kwamabhiliyoni angama-400 eminyakeni engama-25 ukuze kushintshwe uwoyela. Ukuhweba phakathi kwalezi zizwe zombili kukhuphuke ngama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-15 ngo-2022, okuwukunyuka ngo-7% ngonyaka owedlule, kusho izikhulu zaseChina.
I-China yayinohwebo olubiza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-87.3 neSaudi Arabia ngo-2021, okuyenza yaba nguzakwethu ophambili wezohwebo weRiyadh ngalowo nyaka. Ngo December, ngesikhathi sengqungquthela yamazwe amabili, la mazwe womabili asayine izivumelwano zengqalasizinda eziyisikhombisa ezihlanganisa u-$1 billion wokutshalwa kwezimali. ISaudi Arabia yaba ngumamukeli oyedwa omkhulu wokutshalwa kwezimali kwaseShayina – amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5.5 – ngaphansi kohlelo lwaseBeijing oluxhasa ngezimali ingqalasizinda iBelt and Road Initiative engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, ngokusho kweGreen Finance and Development Center ezinze eShanghai.
UMongameli wase-China u-Xi Jinping, kwesobunxele, ufika e-Riyadh, e-Saudi Arabia, ngomhlangano neNkosana yoMqhele uMohammed bin Salman ngomhla ka-8 kuZibandlela.
(I-Saudi Press Agency)
“Asifuni ukufana ne-PRC [People’s Republic of China] idola ngedola ngamanani abahlinzeka ngawo, ake sibabize, amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda emhlabeni jikelele,” kusho uPrice ngesikhathi ecindezelwa odabeni lokuncipha kwethonya lase-US. “Ngandlela thize, asikwazanga ukwenza lokho, njengoba benomnotho ophethwe nguhulumeni kanye nomnotho wesitayela esingenawo.”
Esimemezelweni sangoLwesihlanu, iChina, i-Iran kanye neSaudi Arabia income “isinyathelo esihle” esizobona uTehran noRiyadh bevula kabusha amanxusa ezinyangeni ezimbili ezizayo. U-Wang Yi, isikhulu sezobuchwephesha sase-China, uthwetshulwe no-Ali Shamkhani, unobhala woMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Kazwelonke wase-Iran, kanye nomeluleki wezokuphepha kuzwelonke waseSaudi uMusaad bin Mohammed Aiban.
Abanye abahlaziyi bathi isivumelwano asimangazanga njengoba bekungase kubonakale kuqala.
La mazwe womabili ayenawo ukhombise ukuzimisela ukuzibandakanya nediplomacy kusukela ngo-2021, okunesisekelo esiningi sokuqalisa kabusha ubudlelwano obabekwa ezingqungqutheleni ezinhlanu e-Iraq nase-Oman, kusho u-Esfandyar Batmanghelidj, isikhulu esiphezulu se-Bourse and Bazaar Foundation, ithangi lokucabanga elizinze eLondon.
I-China ibingekho kulezo zingxoxo.
“Yize lokhu kuzwakala njengesivumelwano esisuka ngaphandle kodwa kufanele sibe nethemba lokuthi kuzosigcina ngoba kuyingxenye yohlelo olude, oselufinyelele esicongweni,” usho kanje. “Okumangazayo ukuthi amaShayina anikeze inkundla yokulamula, futhi izinhlangothi zombili zasayina eBeijing.”
Ukuvumela iChina ukuthi ithathe isinyathelo – kanye nekhredithi – ngokucindezela kokugcina kumelele ukukhuzwa kwezinhlobo zaseWashington, kusho uJonathan Fulton, isikhulu esingahlali e-Atlantic Council. Futhi ngokungayifaki ngamabomu i-United States, abakwaSaudi, ikakhulukazi, bangabonisa inhloso yabo yokwehlukanisa abasekeli nezintshisekelo zabo.
AmaSaudi nama-Irani “athi, ‘Bheka, kukhona elinye amandla amakhulu akwazi ukwenza izinto nathi,'” kusho uFulton, wengeza ngokuthi ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwesifunda ukuthuthukiswa kanye nezomnotho esikhundleni sokukhetha izinhlangothi emqhudelwaneni wamandla amakhulu.
“Bafuna ukusebenza ngamandla amakhulu azinzisa isifunda, futhi umbono uthi i-US yathatha indlela egxile kwezokuphepha,” esho.
Lapho i-US ngokuvamile isebenzise ukuphoqelelwa kwezomnotho – unswinyo, ingxenye enkulu – ukushintsha indlela yokuziphatha esifundeni ngenkathi ithanda ababambisene nayo, iChina isebenzise isikhundla sayo. njengomthengi ophezulu wamandla kanye nomtshali-zimali wesifunda njengomthombo.
“Umyalezo waseChina uthi: ‘Ngeke sikhethe izintandokazi. Sifuna ukuzibandakanya kwezomnotho nokutshala imali ekuchumeni kwakho, futhi njengengxenye yalokho sifuna ukukugqugquzela [you] ukucabangela izithakazelo zamaShayina,’” kusho u-Batmanghelidj. “Nalezo zithakazelo zinjalo ukuthi iChina ayifuni ukungqubuzana kwalawo mazwe ngoba incike emandleni athunyelwa ngaphandle ngePersian Gulf.”
Iphephandaba
Izindaba okufanele zifundwe ku-LA Times
Thola izindaba eziphambili zosuku ngephephabhuku lethu lezindaba ezisematheni zanamuhla, elithunyelwa njalo ekuseni phakathi neviki.
Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uthole okuqukethwe kokuphromotha okuvela e-Los Angeles Times.
Miningi imibuzo ebhekene nalesi sivumelwano, okungabalulekile ukuthi bobabili ohulumeni bazohamba ibanga elingakanani ukuhlehlisa iminyaka yokuqhekeka okuphelele nokuthi ngabe izinzuzo zabo zizodlulela e-Yemen, Lebanon, Syria nase-Iraq – amazwe lapho iSaudi Arabia ne-Iran bexabene ngezepolitiki noma ngezempi. ama-proxies.
I Ukuphumelela okukhulu kungaba seYemen, lapho umfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi ulwe namasosha aseHouthi asekelwa yi-Iran kusukela ngo-2015, nawo adubula imicibisholo ecitshwayo enqamula umngcele osenyakatho weYemen ungene eSaudi Arabia. Esitatimendeni, umgomo we-Iran weNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene uthe isivumelwano sizosheshisa ukumiswa kwengxabano, siqale inkhulumomphendvulwano kazwelonke futhi siholele “kuhulumeni kazwelonke obandakanya wonke umuntu” eYemen.
Yize isivumelwano simemezela indima esebenza kakhulu e-Beijing, siphinde sikhombise inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseSaudi engagxiliwe kangako kuzintshisakalo zase-US.
Abaphathi beBiden bazithole sebengaboni ngaso linye neRiyadh kaningi muva nje. Ngaphezu kwentukuthelo eqhubekayo ngokubulawa kwentatheli yaseSaudi ezinze e-US uJamal Khashoggi, okusolwa ukuthi imiyalo yeNkosana yoMqhele uMohammed bin SalmanuMengameli uBiden waxabana nezikhulu zaseSaudi ngesikhathi zenqaba ukukhuphula ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela njengoba amandla aseRussia ayevinjwa impi yase-Ukraine.
UJon Alterman, umqondisi wohlelo lwe-Middle East esikhungweni se-Strategic and International Studies, uthe i-US idonsa kanzima ngendlela engcono yokubhekana neSaudi Arabia, osekunesikhathi eside isebenzisana nayo ebaluleke kakhulu esifundeni saseGulf kodwa manje isingumdlali ongathembeki kangako emehlweni eWashington. .
“Uhulumeni wase-US unemiqondo emibili” kumaSaudis efuna ozakwethu abasha, kusho u-Alterman kuwebhusayithi yalesi sikhungo. “Ifuna amaSaudis athathe umthwalo owandayo wokuphepha kwawo, kepha ayifuni iSaudi Arabia izimele futhi ibukele phansi amasu okuphepha ase-US.”
UBulos ubike evela eBeirut kanye noWilkinson baseWashington.
