Ukwenza umqondo ngokwehluleka kweSilicon Valley Bank: Kusho ukuthini ngemali yakho

Akulona neze uphawu oluhle lapho “ukuwa kwebhange” kuthrenda ku-Twitter.

Bekunjalo ngoMsombuluko njengoba abatshali bezimali bephumputha amasheya I-First Republic Bank kanye ne-Western Alliance Bancorporation, phakathi kwezinye izikhungo zezimali zezifunda ezimbalwa. Ngokusobala, bona ethukile ukuthi la mabhange azobhekana nesiphetho esifanayo neSilicon Valley Bank eSanta Clara, Calif., Okwakukhona ithathwe ngoLwesihlanu yi-Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., kanye neBhange Lokusayina eNew York City, okwakukhona vala iSonto ngabalawuli bombuso.

I ukukhuphuka ngokushesha kwamazinga enzalo kube yinselelo kumabhange jikelele, ukwehlisa inani lokutshalwa kwezimali kwawo okuphephe kakhulu. Kepha ochwepheshe bamabhange bathi izimo ezephule iSilicon Valley Bank kanye neSiginesha Bank bezihluke kakhulu, futhi impendulo evela kuhulumeni wobumbano ngoMsombuluko inolaka, kangangokuthi abafaka imali kwamanye amabhange bangahlala esikhundleni sokuguqukela esimweni esibucayi.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, okungenani ingxenye yophiko lwe-doomsayer ku-Twitter ibonakale inentshisekelo yokuwohloka okubanzi. Abanye babengabagxeki abalandela imithetho yokuphatha iBiden, kodwa abanye babengabaphathi bamabhizinisi bemagange ukuthi uhulumeni avikele imali efakwayo engaqinisekisiwe (okuyinto abagcina beyenzile).

Usomabhizinisi waseRiphabhlikhi uVivek Ramaswamy (oqhuba umkhankaso wobumongameli osethathe isikhathi eside) ubhale ku-Twitter ngeSonto ukuthi onxiwankulu abasafufusa nabamele ukulahlekelwa imali yabo ebhange eSilicon Valley Bank “baphuma * endleleni yabo” ukusunduza indaba yokuthi kuzoba khona. kube yibhange elisebenza ngoMsombuluko uma abafaka imali be-SVB bengatakulwa ngebheyili nguhulumeni. Baklabalasa enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi, benethemba lokuthi wonke umuntu uzogijima awise ikhandlela lapho ephuma – empeleni abhule umlilo obungeke ube khona ngenye indlela.”

Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nentuthuko yakamuva nokuthi yiziphi izifundo ezingcono kakhulu ongase uye phambili.

Ingabe imali yami iphephile ebhange?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhange lakho lingase libe namandla kangakanani noma lintekenteke kangakanani, impendulo izoba yebo ngenani elikhulu kakhulu labantu. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi izinhlelo zomshwalense wombuso zizovikela yonke imali abantu baseCalifornia abajwayele ukuyikhipha ebhange noma inyunyana yezikweletu.

Ngomfaki-mali ngamunye, i-FDIC ivamise ukwenza umshwalense isamba esingu-$250,000 ekushekeni, ukonga, izitifiketi zediphozithi kanye nama-akhawunti emakethe yemali ezikhungweni ezibambe iqhaza. (Iningi lamabhange lifakwe umshwalense; ungaqinisekisa ukuthi ibhange lakho ngelokuhlola lolu lwemibhalo ku-FDIC.gov.) Umkhawulo we-FDIC usebenza ebhange ngalinye lapho wenza khona ibhizinisi, ngakho-ke uma uno-$250,000 eBhange A, u-$150,000 e-Bank B kanye no-$300,000 e-Bank C, konke ngaphandle kuka-$50,000 kwa-Bank C kuzofakwa umshwalense ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ngokuqhathanisa, inani elimaphakathi abantu baseMelika abanalo emabhange lingama- $ 5,300 XNUMX umuzi ngamunye, ngokusho kwakamuva. Ucwaningo lwe-Federal Reserve (kusukela ngo-2019). Inani elijwayelekile lingama-$41,600. Ngakho-ke kubo bonke kodwa iphesenti elincane lababoleki, isibalo se-FDIC sika-$250,000 siyisifiso, hhayi umkhawulo.

Izinyunyana zezikweletu zinohlelo lomshwalense olufanayo oluvela kwa I-National Credit Union Administrationngomkhawulo ofanayo wama-$250,000.

Emabhizinisini anamaholo amakhulu, noma kunjalo, ama- $ 250,000 angaba yinkinga yangempela. Ukuthathwa kwebhange iSilicon Valley Bank ngoLwesihlanu, okunqamule ukufinyelela kwamakhasimende ezimalini zawo okwesikhashana futhi kwabeka engcupheni imali engaphezu kuka-$250,000, kufike ngesikhathi ezinye izinkampani sezizokhokha izindleko zemiholo yazo ephuma kabili ngenyanga. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenze abaphathi beBiden bamemezele ngeSonto ukuthi behlisa umkhawulo wama- $ 250,000 futhi kunikeza amakhasimende amabhange amabili ahlulekile ukufinyelela kuyo yonke imali abeyifakile.

Iphuzu, ngokusho kuka-a isitatimende esihlanganyelwe kusukela ku-Fed, i-FDIC kanye noMnyango Wezezimali, bekuwukuthumela umlayezo oqinisa ukwethemba komphakathi ohlelweni lwamabhange futhi udikibalise amabhange amaningi. Futhi lowo mlayezo kufanele usebenze, kusho uJeffrey Ball, isikhulu esiphezulu se-Orange County Business Council kanye nomsunguli kanye nowayeyi-CEO ye-Friendly Hills Bank eWhittier.

Manje, uBall uthe, amabhizinisi awadingi ukwenza noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuqapha ngamadiphozithi awo kwamanye amabhange. “Ngicabanga ukuthi isibonelo esabekwa … kufanele sikwenze ube nesibindi sokuthi uzokwazi ukuthola izimali zakho zokusebenza ukuya phambili,” kusho uBall.

Isazi sezomnotho uJoseph E. Gagnon, isikhulu esiphezulu e- Peterson Institute for International Economics, wayengenangqondo kangako. “Uma unemali efakwa ngaphandle komshwalense, ungafuna ukucabanga ngempilo yebhange lakho. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi unomuzwa wokuthi lokho akuphuthumi kangako manje,” kusho yena. “Mhlawumbe ucabanga ukuthi lesi sibonelo esenziwe ngabaphathi sizokuvikela. … [But] noma ngubani onediphozithi engaqinisekisiwe kufanele acabange ngalokhu. ”

Ingabe lena enye ibheyili efana neyangowezi-2008-09?

Kuleli qophelo, cha.

Womabili amabhange anotshalomali kanye nezinye izimpahla ezingaba nkulu ngokwanele ukumboza ukuhoxiswa okwenziwa abagcini bawo. Ngokusho kwe-FDIC, labo bafaka imali kuqala kulayini wokwenziwa baphelele; uma kukhona okusele, izoya kuqala kubakweletwayo abavikelekile (okungukuthi, izinkampani ezikhokhise ibhange ngezinsizakalo ezingakakhokhelwa), bese kubatshalizimali abathenge amabhondi amabhange, futhi ekugcineni kubatshalizimali abaphethe amabhange. ‘isitoko.

Uma izimpahla zingakhiqizi imali eyanele ukumboza wonke amadiphozithi, i-FDIC kuyodingeka ikhokhele izindleko ezisebenzisayo ngokukhokhisa amabhange ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lomshwalense, amabhange aphethe umshwalense yiwona akhokhelayo.

Amakhasimende amabhange nabatshalizimali, hhayi abakhokhi bentela, ekugcineni bakhokhela umshwalense wediphozithi ngezinkokhelo eziphakeme, izinkokhelo zenzalo ephansi kanye nembuyiselo encishisiwe. Lokho kungase kube umehluko ngaphandle komehluko, nokho, kusho uGagnon. Cishe wonke umuntu ongumkhokhintela une-akhawunti yasebhange, esho, futhi izindleko zokuhlenga zakamuva “zizokhokhelwa yinoma ubani one-akhawunti yasebhange.”

Kungani iSilicon Valley Bank yehluleka?

Ku-Great Recession, amabhange acishe ahluleka ngenxa yokuthi utshalomali lwawo ezibambiso ezihlobene nezindlu lwehla kakhulu ngemva kokuwa kwemakethe yezindlu. Kulokhu, inkinga bekungelona ukutshalwa kwezimali okuyingozi, kodwa ukungafani phakathi kokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kanye nezidingo zesikhathi esifushane zokuthola imali ngabafaka imali.

UDonald P. Johnson, iphini likasihlalo webhodi le-American Business Bank, uthe i-SVB kanye neSiginesha bayizisulu zesimo samabhange esishintshe kakhulu. Iminyaka emide yezinhloso zenzalo ephansi ebekwe yi-Federal Reserve kanye nokukhula komnotho okuqinile kwehlise isidingo semalimboleko yasebhange, okwenza amabhange afake imali eningi emalini yawo emalini yesikhathi eside yoMgcinimafa kanye namabhondi kamasipala ukuze afune imbuyiselo ephezulu, esho.

Lapho i-Fed lenyuse izinga lenzalo kakhulu onyakeni odlule ukulwa nokwehla kwamandla emali, inani lalawo mabhondi lehla. Ngakho-ke ngenkathi iSilicon Valley Bank kufanele ithengise amanye alawo mabhondi ukuze kuqoqwe imali, uJohnson uthe, kuthathe ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, okusize ukwehlisa intengo yesitoko nokukhathazeka ngempilo yebhange.

Lokho, kudale ukuthi izinkampani eziningi zezobuchwepheshe ezinama-akhawunti amakhulu ebhange zijahe ukuphuma ngoLwesine – okugqugquzelwe abasekeli bazo bonxiwankulu – okuholele ekumangaleni. $42 billion ukuhoxiswa okufanele ngoLwesine. Abalawuli bangenelela ngemuva kwalokho, bekhathazekile ngokuthi ibhange ngeke likwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esisheshayo semali.

UGagnon uthe uyamangala ukuthi abahloli basebhange abengamele iSilicon Valley Bank bavumele le nkinga ukuthi ithuthuke njengoba yenzeka. “Lokhu kuyingozi esobala kakhulu ababeyithatha,” esho, ebhekise ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesikhathi eside. “Bekuyingxenye enkulu yebhalansi yabo. … Ngingamangala uma amanye amabhange amaningi engaba nalolu daba. Kufana neBanking 101, ungakwenzi okuningi kulokhu. ”

Okunye okungase kube yisizathu, uthe, ukuthembela okungajwayelekile kwebhange kwabafaka imali enama-akhawunti amakhulu. Amadiphozithi anama-akhawunti amancane uma kuqhathaniswa awayikhiphi imali yawo futhi afune amanani aphezulu lapho amanani enzalo enyuka, kusho uGagnon, ngakho ukuba nokungafani phakathi kokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kwebhange kanye nediphozithi yesikhashana akuyona into enkulu. Kepha iSilicon Valley Bank yayingenakho ukunethezeka kwamakhasimende ayenamathela noma ngabe kwenzekani.

Umthetho ka-2010 weDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, owasungulwa ngemuva kwe-subprime loan fiasco, udinga ukuthi abalawuli hlola amabhange anempahla engaphezu kuka-$50 billion ukuze babone ukuthi bangakwazi yini ukumelana nezinhlobo ezithile zezehlakalo ezicindezelayo, njengokukhuphuka kwamazinga enzalo. Lolu wuhlobo lokuhlolwa obekungahlonza izinkinga iSilicon Valley Bank ebhekene nazo, kusho uGagnon. Kepha iCongress yadlula futhi uMongameli uTrump wasayina umthethosivivinywa ngo-2018 ukukhuphula umkhawulo ku-$250 billionushintsho olukhiphe i-Silicon Valley Bank ekuhlolweni okwengeziwe.

I-Fed kusho uMsombuluko ukuthi izobuyekeza “ukuqondisa nokulawula” kweSilicon Valley Bank “ngenxa yokwehluleka kwayo.”

Lapho i-Silicon Valley Bank yehla, i-Signature Bank yabhekana nokukhipha imali okufanayo kumakhasimende anenani elikhulu lediphozithi engaqinisekisiwe. Leli bhange futhi belamukele idiphozi cryptocurrency, kodwa akucaci ukuthi iyiphi indima eyadlala ezinkingeni zalo. Into eyodwa yawo womabili amabhange, uJohnson uthe, ukuthi akhule kakhulu – kakhulu, esho.

Abagxeki bathi womabili amabhange ahlulekile ukuphatha izingozi ezibangelwa ukwehla kwamandla emali, okwaqala kahle ngaphambi kokuba i-Fed ikhulise amanani. UJohnson uvumile kodwa wathi okubalulekile wumbono womphakathi ngamabhange. “Umbono wokuthi ibhange lihle noma libi uyawenza umehluko ukuthi lizokwenza noma cha,” usho kanje.