Riaan 
U-Ravindra Gaikwad wenze okulindelekile ngama-cyberpolice ejaha umkhonyovu ku-inthanethi: Walandela imali.
Kodwa ekuqaleni okwakubonakala njengecala elivamile lokukhwabanisa edolobheni lakubo elincane elisentshonalanga yeNdiya kwagcina kumthumele ohambweni lwamakhilomitha angu-2,000 enqamula izifundazwe ezintathu zaseNdiya.
Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho aqala khona ukuqonda ukuthi amabhizinisi obugebengu anjalo ayethuthuka kangakanani ezweni lakubo.
“Abaqola kulo lonke elaseNdiya baxhaphaza abantu abakhohliseka kalula emadolobheni amancane nasezigodini lapho i-inthanethi nama-smartphones kusanda kuva into evamile,” esho.
I-India kudala inedumela njengekhaya abakhwabanisi be-inthanethi eqondise izisulu emazweni acebe kakhulu njenge-United States. Ngonyaka odlule, abashushisi bombuso eGeorgia bamemezele ukuthweswa icala kwezikhungo zezingcingo ezizinze e-India nabaqondisi bazo, bebabeka icala lokwakha itulo lokudlulisela amashumi ezigidi zezingcingo zomkhonyovu kubathengi baseMelika.
“Laba Izikhungo zezingcingo ezizinze eNdiya kuthiwa zesaba izisulu zazo futhi zeba imali yazo, kuhlanganise nemali eyayiyonga ukuphila kwazo zonke ezinye izisulu,” u-Atty owayengu-US ngaleso sikhathi. UKurt Erskine waseNorthern District of Georgia uthe ngaleso sikhathi.
Manje, ngokukhula okusheshayo kwe-inthanethi emazweni asathuthuka, i-India ngokwayo ifakazela imakethe evundile yabakhwabanisi basekhaya.
Abantu abangaba ngu-47% manje sebenokufinyelela ku-inthanethi, kusukela ku-15% eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule. Ngisho nezindawo zokudlela ezincane emadolobheni nasemadolobheni sezidlulele ezinkokhelweni ngaphandle kokuthintwa – okuwumkhuba owawunqunyelwe emadolobheni amakhulu kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule.
Ngokusho kwe-Intanethi kanye ne-Mobile Assn. yaseNdiya, cishe uhhafu wabasebenzisi be-inthanethi abasebenzayo baseNdiya abayizigidi ezingama-692 bazibandakanya ekuhwebeni nge-inthanethi. Umbiko waleli qembu wangowezi-2022 wabikezela ukuthi i-India izoba nabasebenzisi be-inthanethi abasebenzayo abayizigidi ezingu-900 ngo-2025, okusho ukuthi imakethe engasetshenzisiwe yemikhonyovu iyakhula.
Ngokulandelayo, ubugebengu be-inthanethi obufana nobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukukhwabanisa ngephasiwedi, ukunxenxa izisulu ukuthi zilande izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqapha isikrini, noma ukusetha izixhumanisi ezingamanga ze-UPI namakhodi e-QR zifakazela ukwanda.
Kusukela ngoMashi 2018 kuya kuZibandlela wezi-2021, i-India yabika amacala angaphezu kuka-250,000 okukhwabanisa ku-inthanethi ahilela cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-96, uMnyango Wezezimali watshela izishayamthetho ngonyaka odlule. Kuphela u-$7.8 million walokho osekutholiwe.
U-Devidas Tuljapurkar, unobhala ohlanganyele we-All India Bank Employees Assn., ulandelela ukukhuphuka kwe-Digital India, uhlelo olwethulwe nguNdunankulu uNarendra Modi ngo-2015.
“I-Digital India bekufanele ihambisane nokufunda ngedijithali,” esho. “Kodwa lokho akwenzekanga futhi ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi ayikabi nalwazi mayelana nokuhwebelana kwezezimali nge-inthanethi. Lokho kuba sengozini kuyaxhashazwa. Imikhonyovu eku-inthanethi isiphenduke imboni.”
Yize ubugebengu be-inthanethi busavame kakhulu e-United States, eyabika ukukhwabanisa okuku-inthanethi okungabiza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.3 ngo-2020 kuphela, ukunyuka kwabo kumangalisa kakhulu ezweni lapho amaphesenti angu-90 abantu ahola ngaphansi kwama-$300 ngenyanga.
UGaikwad, 49, ubeyinhloko yophiko oluphenya ngama-cybercell edolobheni lase-Beed, esifundazweni sase-Maharashtra, ngoMashi odlule lapho uthishanhloko wesikole samabanga aphakathi sase-Urdu ebika ukuthi ukhonjwe indlela.
NgoDisemba odlule, u-Mohammad Abdul Rahim, 52, wanezelwa eqenjini le-WhatsApp ngenombolo yocingo engaziwa.
Igama leqembu lamenza wafuna ukwazi: KBC. Lokho kufushane ku-Kaun Banega Crorepati — inguqulo edumile yaseNdiya ethi “Who Wants to Be Millionaire.” Ngokushesha ngemva kokwengezwa eqenjini, u-Rahim uthole umlayezo wevidiyo umhalalisela ngokuwina u-$30,000 kanye nemoto.
U-Rahim waqiniseka ngobuqiniso bomlayezo ngokwengxenye ngoba wawuqukethe iphosta eklanywe kahle yombukiso wegeyimu. Umlayezo ulandelwe wucingo. Uma efuna ukuqhubekela phambili nesicelo, umuntu ngakolunye uhlangothi wathi, kuzofanele afake imali yentela.
Ezinsukwini ezimbili ezilandelayo, u-Rahim wathumela cishe u-$2,100 ngezitolimende ezintathu nge-Google Pay.
Ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu, abakhohlisi basebenzisa inhlanganisela ephumelelayo yezinsongo nokuyenga u-Rahim ukuthi akhokhe imali engaphezu kuka-$35,000, eyiqeda ngokuphelele i-akhawunti yakhe yasebhange.
Lapho uRahim ebuza ngemoto nangemali, watshelwa ukuba athule angatsheli muntu ngelotho. Uma ekwenza lokho watshelwa ukuthi ifayela lakhe lizovalwa, okusho ukuthi uzolahlekelwa yimali abeyifakile aphinde aphuthelwe ilotho.
“Ngakho ngangilokhu ngibathumelela imali,” kusho uRahim. “Ngizizwa ngiyisilima futhi nginamahloni.”
Uphenyo lokuqala lukaGaikwad lwezinombolo zocingo kanye nemininingwane ye-akhawunti yasebhange lwamholela emadodeni amahlanu aneminyaka engu-21 ubudala asuka esifundazweni sase-Bihar – amamayela ayi-1,100 ukuya empumalanga.
“Bebejwayele ukuphatha ama-akhawunti amaningi asebhange anjalo,” kusho uGaikwad. “Umsebenzi wabo bekuwukukhipha imali kula ma-akhawunti bese beyisa phambili.” Laba abahlanu baboshiwe kanti kumanje bakhululekile ngebheyili njengoba icala liqhubeka.
Nokho, kukholakala ukuthi ziyizinhlanzi ezincane. Abathathu kwabahlanu basebenze njengezisebenzi kanti ababili bebesafunda. Iqhaza labo laphetha ngokuhlanganisa imali ababeyithole ezisulungeni ezincane ezinjengoRahim. Uma beshintshana, bathole ikhomishini elinganiselwa ku-$70, iziphathimandla zabakhokhisa.
UGaikwad wabe esethungatha amadoda amane akholelwa ukuthi acubungula imali ehlanganiswe e-Bihar. La madoda, aneminyaka engu-22 kuya ku-28 ubudala, asuka eWest Champaran, esinye isifunda saseBihar. Omunye wabo, oneziqu ze-master kwezobuchwepheshe, wayezisingatha yedwa ama-akhawunti asebhange angu-150, kusho iziphathimandla. Laba abane nabo baboshwe, bathweswe amacala futhi basejele.
Iningi lezisulu, kusho uGaikwad, bekungabantu abavela emadolobheni amancane namadolobhana ahola kancane.
“Ngisho nomkhonyovu okuthiwa umncane ungabhidliza ukuzinza komndeni,” esho. “Sizama ukufundisa abantu ngokukhwabanisa ku-inthanethi. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, seluleka abantu ukuthi bangenzi ukuthenga nge-inthanethi ngezimpelasonto noma ngemva kuka-5pm, lapho amabhange evaliwe. Kunciphisa uphenyo.”
U-Sheetalkumar Ballal, ongumhloli wamanje wamaphoyisa aphezulu ophikweni lwe-cyberinvestigations yakwa-Beed, uthe maningi amathuba okuthola le mali uma isisulu sithinta isandla lingakapheli ihora lokuqala.
“Silibiza ngehora legolide,” kusho yena. “Imali ivamise ukubhajwa esangweni lokukhokha ngemuva kokudluliselwa. Kulula ukubuyisa imali lapho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, sigcina sesijaha abantu abavela ezindaweni ezehlukene zezwe.”
Ngo-Okthoba 2022, uGaikwad nethimba lakhe babopha amadoda amane avela eNtshonalanga Champaran, okwabasiza ukuthi balandele umkhondo wemali.
Isuka e-Bihar idlule kuma-akhawunti amaningi asebhange ahlukene, yagcina yama kumhwebi wase-Surat – amamayela ayi-1,300 entshonalanga esifundazweni saseGujarat. Umhwebi uthole u-$1.5 million kuma-akhawunti ahlukene aphethwe ngamadoda amane avela eNtshonalanga Champaran.
U-Gaikwad ubize umhwebi ukuze amphenye ngemibuzo. Ubelindele ukuthi avale uphenyo esethole ukuthi yini akholelwa ukuthi yiyona ngxenye yokugcina yendida. Uxhaxha lwama-akhawunti asebhange lwalumenze waqwasha. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esingaba unyaka, wayesefinyelele ekugcineni.
Ngaphandle kokuthi umhwebi ubengazi lutho ngalo mkhonyovu.
Wayengaphansi kombono, uGaikwad waphetha, ukuthi imali yayiyinkokhelo yezingubo ezifekethisiwe ayezithumele ePakistan. “Yilapho kuhlezi khona inkosi,” kusho uGaikwad.
Umsolwa ePakistan usehlonziwe. Kucatshangwa ukuthi uxhumane namadoda amane avela eNtshonalanga Champaran futhi wabayala ukuba bakhokhele izingubo azozilanda kubadayisi abahlukene e-Surat. Labo bathengisi babene-ejenti ephethe ama-akhawunti abo.
I-ejenti yayizokwamukela imali evela kuma-akhawunti aphethwe amadoda avela eNtshonalanga Champaran futhi iyidlulisele kubahwebi kuye ngama-oda abo okuthekelisa.
“Abahwebi babecabanga ukuthi bayakhokhelwa ngokuthumela ngaphandle,” kusho uGaikwad. “Kodwa ibikhokhwa ngemali eqolwe ezindaweni ezahlukene zaseNdiya. Indoda yasePakistan yayizothola izingubo zayo ezifekethisiwe mahhala.”
Uphiko lwamaphoyisa lwama-cybercell alunalo igunya lokubopha umsolwa kwelinye izwe, ngakho-ke naphezu kwale nkinga, u-Rahim akakayitholi imali yakhe, elingana neminyaka emithathu yomholo wakhe.
“Ngikuthola kunzima ukukhokha izitolimende zami zenyanga,” kusho uRahim, ohlala eBeed nomkakhe namadodakazi amabili asekhulile. “Imali engilahlekelwe ngayo kulo mkhonyovu bekuyimali ebolekiwe yami. Ngizizwa sengathi ngiphoxe umndeni wami.”
