Riaan 
I-New York
CNN
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Ukonakala kwamabhange kuleli sonto eledlule kusishiye nemibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo. Ukuwa okumangalisayo kwamabhange amabili aseMelika kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzethemba kwabatshalizimali ku-Credit Suisse kuholele ekushintsheni kwezimakethe zasendle futhi kwabeka i-Wall Street onqenqemeni.
Ngesikhathi esikhethekile sesikhathi sokuqala se-CNN, “I-Bank Bust: Inside the Collapse of SVB,” ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi bangaqonda kanjani kangcono ukuthi kwenzakalani endaweni ethuthuka ngokushesha nedidayo ezikhungweni zezimali.
Nansi imibuzo emihlanu ongoti abayiphendule ngoLwesithathu ebusuku.
OwayenguNobhala WoMgcinimafa uLarry Summers utshele i-CNN ukuthi yize kunezihloko ezithusayo, manje akusona isikhathi sokuthi abathengi bethuke.
“Angicabangi ukuthi lesi yisikhathi sokwethuka noma sokuhlaba umkhosi,” kusho uSummers. “Lona akusiwo u-2008, lapho abantu babedinga ukukhathazeka ngokuthi bangayitholaphi imali yabo…
“Imali yabantu baseMelika iphephile,” esho.
Intatheli yezamabhizinisi eCNN uChristine Romans uthi lokhu akuphindi yenkinga yezimali yango-2008, ngoba amabhange awayiphathi impahla enobuthi.
“Abasavunyelwe,” kuchaza amaRoma. “Abasenawo wonke lowo doti, lowo doti kuma-balance sheets abo. Kufanele babe nemali engcono ebekwe eceleni, futhi amabhange amakhulu kufanele ahlole ingcindezi. ”
Kodwa-ke, amaRoma aphawula ukuthi amabhange amancane njenge-SVB awabheki ukuhlolwa okufanayo kokulawula njengontanga yabo emikhulu.
“Isinqumo siphumile engxabanweni mayelana nokuthi amanye ala mabhange amancane avunyelwe yini ukuthi angahlanganyeli kuyo yonke … imithethonqubo, futhi mhlawumbe lokho kwawashiya obala,” kusho amaRoma.
Omunye umongo: Leyo mithethonqubo eyaphasiswa ngemva kokuwohloka okukhulu komnotho yabeka imithetho eqinile embonini yamabhange. Kodwa amabhange amancane naphakathi nendawo – labo abanempahla engaphansi kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-250, njenge-SVB – bakhululiwe kwezinye zezidingo eziqinile zemali esetshenziswa ezikhungweni ezinkulu, kanye nesibopho sokuhlola amandla abo okumelana nengcindezi yezezimali yi-Federal Reserve unyaka ngamunye.
Ngemuva kokuthi iSilicon Valley Bank ihlulekile ngoLwesihlanu, amakhasimende ayo abegcwele ukwesaba. Kepha ngoMsombuluko, base bephefumula – uMnyango Wezezimali, iFederal Reserve kanye neFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation wayeshilo ngempelasonto ukuthi ikhasimende ngalinye lizokwenziwa liphelelenangaphezu kuka-$250,000 onikezwe umshwalense yi-FDIC.
Yize bekuyizindaba ezamukelekile kubanikazi bama-akhawunti, lesi sinyathelo esingajwayelekile siphakamise imibuzo kwabanye, abazibuza ukuthi kungani i-FDIC igobe imithetho yayo ku-SVB nakumakhasimende ayo.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi kunobungozi obuncane bokuziphatha lapha,” kusho uLynette Khalfani-Cox, oyi-CEO ye-AskTheMoneyCoach.com, ebhekise embonweni wokuthi amabhange azoba sengozini enkulu uma ecabanga ukuthi azokhishwa ngebheyili.
Mayelana nokuthi kungani i-FDIC yenze isinqumo eyasithatha? Uhulumeni wobumbano ubungafuni ukwehluleka kwe-SVB “ukuba nomthelela we-domino,” kusho u-Khalfani-Cox. “Abalawuli be-Federal babone ukuthi basesigabeni ‘sengozi yesistimu,’ ngakho bavumela ukukhululwa.”
Ungase uzwe ireferensi yezazi zezomnotho nabahlaziyi bezimakethe “ubungozi bokuziphatha” lapho sixoxa ngokutakulwa kwamabhange amabili ase-US ngempelasonto edlule, iSilicon Valley Bank kanye neSiginesha.
“Ingozi yokuziphatha” isifinyezo ngandlela thize sezemfundo sombono wokuthi amabhange (noma ezinye izinhlangano) zizozifaka engcupheni enkulu uma zikholelwa ukuthi ekugcineni zizotakulwa.
Isibonelo, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi i-SVB bekufanele ivunyelwe ukuba yehluleke – ukuthi ubuhlungu bokuwa bebungadlula ama-downsides amakhasimende alahlekelwa yimali yawo kanye nokuqalisa ukuphuma kwebhizinisi. Vele, abanye bayaqaphela ukuthi ubungozi bokuvumela ibhange le-16 elikhulukazi lase-US liwe, kanye nokuvumela amakhasimende ayo embonini yezobuchwepheshe ukuthi ahluleke, kungaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude futhi engase ibe yingozi.
Ngalo lonke uvalo emakethe, kuya kuba nzima ukuthenga ikhaya, ikakhulukazi uma abalawuli bakahulumeni njengeFederal Reserve begasela amabhange ngemuva kokuwa kwe-SVB. I-Fed iphinde yaba semthethweni oyingqopha-mlando wokwenyuka kwezinga ukuze kunqandwe ukukhuphuka kwamandla emali, futhi osomnotho abaningi balindele ukuthi lokho kuqhubeke.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi ngokweqiniso, kulokho esikuzwile ku-Fed, amanani enzalo cishe azoqhubeka enyuka,” kusho uVivian Tu, owayengumhwebi we-JPMorgan.
“Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngicabanga ukuthi abantu abaningi bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi, ‘Heyi, uma ngilondoloza imali encane, ingabe ibhange liyindawo ephephile yokubeka leyo mali?’
