Umbhikisho wase-Iran udala ukwanda kwabantu abafudukela kwamanye amazwe

U-Lida akakaze afune ukuthi izingane zakhe zihambe e-Iran. Ngisho noma uthisha oneminyaka engu-52 ubudala osethathe umhlalaphansi ebukele amathemba ezomnotho afayo agqugquzele intsha eningi ukuba ihambe, wayesanethemba lokuthi uzoyichitha iminyaka yakhe yokuthatha umhlalaphansi nendodana nendodakazi yakhe njengoba beqeda imfundo yabo, bashada futhi baqala imindeni yabo.

Kodwa phakathi kukaTehran ukuqinisa ngesihluku imibhikisho emelene nohulumeni kanye nomnotho okhubazekile oqhubeka nokuwohloka, manje usenomuzwa wokuthi akukho okunye angakwenza ngaphandle kokusiza izingane zakhe ukuba zibaleke ezweni.

“Kuthiwani uma indodana yami ibulawa emibhikishweni njengeminye? Kuthiwani uma indodakazi yami iboshwa? Manje ngiba namaphupho amabi ngicabanga ngokuhlala kwabo,” kusho uLida, okwathi njengabanye okwaxoxwa naye, waqamba igama lakhe kuphela ukuze agweme ukuphindiselwa.

Yena nomyeni wakhe, naye owayenguthisha osewathatha umhlalaphansi, bathengisa imoto yabo nokuthi iyiphi impahla ababenayo ukuze baxhase izifundo zezingane zabo phesheya. Indodakazi yakhe, 20, ithunyelwe ukuyofunda i-physiotherapy enyuvesi e-Istanbul; indodana yakhe, 27, ihlela ukuya e-Italy ukuze zithole iziqu ze-master in computer science.

“Ngifuna baphephe,” kusho yena. “Ukuphepha kwabo kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuthi sibe ndawonye.”

Izingane zikaLida zijoyina ufuduko olukhulayo lwase-Iran. Nakuba izwe liye ukuchitheka kobuchopho isikhathi eside, imibiko yakamuva ibonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi base-Irani bashiya i-Islamic Republic kunangaphambili. Umqondisi we-Iran Migration Observatory, i-ejensi engaphansi kukahulumeni, usanda kutshela abezindaba bendawo ukuthi izinga lokufuduka kule minyaka emine edlule lilinganiselwa ku-65,000 abantu ngonyaka – kodwa ukuthi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule isibalo sikhuphuke ngaphezu kwama-50%.

Izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokufuduka zibona ukwanda kwesidingo kangangokuthi zithi zixosha abafake izicelo, okuphoqa abaningi ukuthi phendukela kubashushumbisi babantu.

“Wonke umuntu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki ufuna uhlelo lokuphuma,” kusho uSasan, oneminyaka engu-40 oqeqeshela abafundi ukuthi bathathe i-International English Language Testing System, noma i-IELTS, ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwesiNgisi okungase kusetshenziselwe izicelo zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe.

“Emashumini amabili eminyaka nginolwazi, isimo asikaze sibe kanje. Kuyesabeka impela.”

Uzakwabo kaSasan uHamid, 39, ongumqondisi wehhovisi le-IELTS eTehran, uthe babalelwa ku-50,000 abafake izicelo kulezi zinyanga eziyi-10 ezedlule – okuyirekhodi lezwe.

Imiphumela yofuduko ingabonakala emakethe yezindlu ezithengiswayo, lapho izikhangiso zezindlu ezithengiswayo ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu zikhuphuka yize amanani ehlile. Omunye umthengisi wezindlu uthe amafulethi abedayisa ngo-10% kuya ku-15% ngaphansi kwenani lawo langempela.

Izingqapheli zisola isifiso sokushiya esimweni esikhulayo sokuphelelwa ithemba ezweni ngezinqubomgomo eziqinile zikaMongameli u-Ebrahim Raisi. Abaningi bakubona kuwushintsho kuhulumeni wakhe ukudiliza imibhikisho emikhulu edalwe yi- kushone uMahsa Amini, 22 esitokisini samaphoyisa okuziphatha e-Iran ngoSepthemba odlule – izibhelu eziqhubekile naphezu kwezilinganiso zamakhulu ababhikishi ababulawa futhi baboshwa.

Ngemuva kokuthi kuqale imibhikisho, inqwaba yosaziwayo, okuhlanganisa abasubathi namaciko, yasuka e-Iran noma yabika ukuthi iziphathimandla zibavimbile ekuhambeni ngemuva kokubamba iqhaza emibhikishweni.

Khonamanjalo, izingxoxo zokuvuselela isivumelwano senuzi se-Iran sika-2015 nemibuso yomhlaba – kanye nokunciphisa unswinyo ukusiza umnotho – zisamile. Ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nemibukiso inawo wonke amabhizinisi akhubazeke; emasontweni adlule kubonwe imali yase-Iranian, i-rial, ikhuphuka yafinyelela ku-7% yenani layo elisemthethweni uma liqhathaniswa nedola emakethe emnyama ngaphambi kokuba ihlangane ukuphendula ezindabeni zangesonto eledlule ze- ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Iran neSaudi Arabia.

Njengoba uhulumeni elokhu ekhawulela ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi, amabhizinisi aku-inthanethi alandela okufanayo. Imenenja yezabasebenzi eDigikala, okungesinye sezitolo eziphezulu ze-inthanethi e-Iran, itshele iphephandaba lendawo ukuthi ingxenye yesine yabasebenzi bayo ishiye izwe.

Indawo ethandwa kakhulu – kulabo abangakwazi ukuyikhokhela – yiCanada, lapho uhulumeni esanda kumemezela umthetho okuhloswe ngawo. okwenza kube lula kubantu base-Irani ukuza ezweni. Abanye baya e-United Arab Emirates noma eTurkey njengendlela yokuya emazweni aseYurophu.

Futhi akubona nje ochwepheshe abafunde kakhulu njengodokotela nonjiniyela abafuna ukuhamba.

“Nginebhizinisi eliphumelelayo, kodwa umkami ufuna ukuhamba lapha ukuze aqinisekise ikusasa elingcono lezingane zethu. Sekuyinto eyenzeka emphakathini wethu manje,” kusho usomabhizinisi ozibize ngoVaziri ofike ehhovisi le-IELTS ezogodla umhlangano.

Nakuba isiNgisi sakhe sasingasazi kahle, uVaziri wayenethemba lokuthola amaphuzu aphezulu ngokwanele esivivinyweni ukuze angenele uhlelo lwe-postdoctoral eCanada kulo nyaka.

“Ngake ngahluleka, kodwa umkami uthi singadikibali. Baningi abangani bami asebehambile,” usho kanje, wengeza ngokuthi uma engenzanga kahle esivivinyweni uzozibekela umgomo wokulibangisa eDubai noma eTurkey.

“Abazali bami bebehlale bemelene nokufuduka, kodwa ngemuva kwayo yonke into kulezi zinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlule bangiphoqa ukuthi ngihambe,” kwengeza u-Mohammad oneminyaka engu-28 owenza iziqu ze-IT, ozama ukufinyelela e-Italy.

Akaziboni engumfundi osezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa inselelo yokuphila ngaphansi kukahulumeni ehlala exabene nomphakathi wamazwe omhlaba isiyinde kakhulu.

“Angifuni ukuphila ngaphansi kwezigwegwe futhi usongo lwempi,” kusho uMohammad.

Uhulumeni uthathe izinyathelo ezahlukene ukunqanda ukugeleza. Engxoxweni abe nayo ne-Islamic Republic of Iran News Network engaphansi kukahulumeni, uRouhollah Dehqani Firouzabad, iphini likamongameli wezwe kwezesayensi, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nomnotho osekelwe olwazini, uthe umbuso uzohlinzeka ngezindlu zamahhala, imisebenzi yasenyuvesi kanye nemiklamo ezuzisayo kulabo abazimisele. ukubuyela e-Iran.

Kodwa liphinde labeka izithiyo kulabo abafuna ukuhamba. Isanda kuphakamisa intengo yesitifiketi sokuma okuhle, idokhumenti kahulumeni abantu base-Irani okufanele bakwazi ukushiya izwe, kanye nemali yokukhipha amadiploma asenyuvesi. Izinsuku ezizayo zokuhlolwa kwe-IELTS zimisiwe ngenyanga edlule, kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi zibuye nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu ezinamathiselwe.

Kepha lokho akunakwenzeka ukuthi kumise abantu, kusho uHamid, umqondisi wehhovisi le-IELTS.

“Ngesikhathi bememezela ukumiswa kwe-IELTS, iwebhusayithi yethu ibinamakhulu abafake izicelo abebebhukha zonke izihlalo ezikhona ngaphambi kokunqanyulwa,” kusho yena. “Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe kubize kakhulu, akukho okunye.”

Abanye baye baphendukela kumanethiwekhi okushushumbisa, bakhokha noma yikuphi kusuka ku-$12,000 kuya ku-$15,000 ukuze bazame ukufinyelela eYurophu bedlula eTurkey. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuqubuka kwemibhikisho emelene nohulumeni ngonyaka owedlule, u-Yahya, 56, ophethe indawo yokushushumbisa abantu esifundazweni esisentshonalanga ne-Urmia, uthi amakhasimende akhe aphindwe kathathu ngenani, ngaphambi kokuwa kwe-rial ngoFebhuwari kwehlisa inani labo ngoba amadola abiza kakhulu.

ULida, uthisha osewathatha umhlalaphansi, ubukele umndeni wakhe nabangane behlukana. Iningi lalabo ayesebenza nabo bathumele izingane zabo eTurkey, futhi njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ufika nomngane noma isihlobo esiya eCanada.

Udadewabo usanda kuthi uzofaka isicelo sokuya khona.

U-Lida usanethemba lokuthi indodana yakhe izohamba maduze iye e-Italy ukuze ifunde, nakuba ewuzonda umqondo wokuhamba kwayo.

“Ngiyazi ukuthi ngizocindezeleka uma ehamba,” kusho yena. “Ngibona yonke impilo yami isihambile.”