Riaan
E-Tokyo
CNN
–
Lapho uKentaro Yokobori ezalwa cishe eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule, wayeyingane yokuqala esanda kuzalwa esifundeni saseSogio esigodini saseKawakami eminyakeni engu-25. Ukuzalwa kwakhe kwaba njengesimangaliso kubantu abaningi basemakhaya.
Abafisi bavakashele abazali bakhe uMiho noHirohito isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto – cishe bonke bengabantu abadala, kuhlanganise nabanye ababengakwazi ukuhamba.
“Abantu abadala bajabule kakhulu ngokubona [Kentaro], nesalukazi esasinobunzima bokukhuphuka izitebhisi, siphethe udondolo lwaso, seza kimi sizobamba umntanami ezingalweni. Bonke abantu asebekhulile babeshintshana ngokubamba ingane yami,” kukhumbula uMiho.
Ngaleyo kota yekhulu leminyaka ngaphandle kwengane esanda kuzalwa, inani labantu basesigodini lehla ngaphezu kwengxenye laya ku-1,150 nje – lehla lisuka ku-6,000 muva nje eminyakeni engama-40 edlule – njengoba izakhamuzi ezincane zahamba futhi abahlali abadala bafa. Imizi eminingi yashiywa, eminye igcwele izilwane zasendle.
I-Kawakami imane ingelinye lamadolobhana asemaphandleni namadolobhana angenakubalwa asekhohliwe futhi anganakwa njengenhloko yaseJapane encane emadolobheni. Bangaphezu kuka-90% abantu baseJapan manje abahlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni njengeTokyo, Osaka kanye neKyoto – zonke zixhunywe ElaseJapane izitimela zezinhlamvu ze-Shinkansen ezihlala njalo.
Lokho kushiye izindawo zasemakhaya nezimboni ezifana nezolimo, amahlathi, nokulima zibhekene nengwadla yokushoda kwabasebenzi okungenzeka kube kubi kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo njengoba abasebenzi bekhula. Ngo-2022, inani labantu abasebenza kwezolimo namahlathi lase lehlile laya ezigidini ezingu-1.9 lisuka ezigidini ezingu-2.25 eminyakeni eyi-10 ngaphambili.
Nokho ukushabalala kweKawakami kuwuphawu lwenkinga edlula kude emaphandleni aseJapane.
Inkinga yase-Japan ukuthi: abantu basemadolobheni nabo abanazo izingane.
“Isikhathi sokuzala siyaphela,” uNdunankulu uFumio Kishida etshela isithangami sabezindaba sakamuva, isiqubulo esibukeka sengathi asikwazanga ukukhuthaza idolobha elihlala iningi lomphakathi waseJapan.
Phakathi kwezikhukhula zedatha ephazamisayo yezibalo zabantu, uxwayise ekuqaleni konyaka ukuthi izwe “lisonqenqemeni lokungakwazi ukugcina imisebenzi yomphakathi.”
Izwe labona izingane ezizalwa ngo-799,728 ngo-2022, okuyisibalo esiphansi kunazo zonke esirekhodiwe futhi cishe ngaphezu kwesigamu sabantu abazalwa abayizigidi ezingu-1.5 elabhalisa ngo-1982. Izinga layo lokuzala – isilinganiso senani lezingane ezizalwa ngabesifazane phakathi neminyaka yazo yokuzala – sehlele ku-1.3 – ngaphansi kakhulu kokungu-2.1 okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe inani labantu elizinzile. Ukufa sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi.
Futhi uma kungekho ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe okunenjongo – abokufika babalelwa ku-2.2% kuphela wabantu ngo-2021, ngokusho kukahulumeni waseJapan, uma kuqhathaniswa 13.6% e-United States – abanye besaba ukuthi izwe liyalimala ngendlela engeke isabuya, lapho isibalo sabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala sehla kakhulu lapho ingekho indlela yokuhlehlisa inkambiso yokwehla kwenani labantu.
Konke lokhu kushiye abaholi bomnotho wezwe lesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni bebhekene nomsebenzi onzima wokuzama ukuxhasa impesheni kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwezalukazi ezigcwele amabhaluni yize abasebenzi bebancipha.
Okumelene nazo kunendlela yokuphila ematasa yasemadolobheni namahora amaningi okusebenza okushiya isikhathi esincane sokuba amaJapane aqale imikhaya kanye nokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuphila okusho ukuba nomntwana kumane kubiza kakhulu entsheni eningi. Bese kuba nezigigaba zamasiko ezizungeza ukukhuluma ngokuzala kanye nezinkambiso zokhokho ezisebenza ngokumelene omama ababuyela emsebenzini.
UDokotela uYuka Okada, umqondisi weGrace Sugiyama Clinic eTokyo, uthe izithiyo zamasiko zisho ukuthi ukukhuluma ngokuzala kowesifazane kuvame ukuthi kube nemingcele.
“(Abantu babona isihloko njengokuthi) siyaphoxa kancane. Cabanga ngomzimba wakho bese ucabanga (kwenzekani) ngemva kokuzala. Kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho, akulona amahloni.”
U-Okada ungomunye womama abasebenzayo abayivelakancane eJapane onomsebenzi ophumelela kakhulu ngemva kokubeletha. Abaningi besifazane base-Japan abafundile kakhulu banikezwa imisebenzi yesikhashana noma yokudayisa – uma bephinda baqala ukusebenza. Ngo-2021, u-39% wabasebenzi besifazane bebeqashwe itoho, uma kuqhathaniswa no-15% wabesilisa, ngokusho kwe-OECD.
I-Tokyo inethemba lokubhekana nezinye zalezi zinkinga, ukuze abesifazane abasebenzayo namuhla babe omama abasebenzayo kusasa. Uhulumeni wedolobha elikhulu usuqala ukuxhasa ukuqandisa amaqanda, ukuze abesifazane babe sethubeni elingcono lokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo uma benquma ukuba nengane kamuva ekuphileni.
Abazali abasha eJapane sebevele bathola “ibhonasi yengane” yezinkulungwane zamaRandi ukuze bahlangabezane nezindleko zokwelashwa. Kwabangashadile? Isevisi yokuqomisana exhaswe nguhulumeni exhaswe yi-Artificial Intelligence.
Ukuthi izinyathelo ezinjalo zingase ziguqule isimo, ezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma zasemaphandleni, kusazobonakala. Kodwa emuva emaphandleni, idolobhana laseKawakami linikeza indaba yokuqapha yalokho okungenzeka uma ukwehla kwezibalo zabantu kungabuyiselwa emuva.
Kanye nokwehla kwenani labantu bakhona, ubuciko balo nezindlela zokuphila eziningi zisengozini yokufa.
Phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezashintshana ngokubamba uKentaro osemusha kwakunoKaoru Harumashi, isakhamuzi sokuphila konke sasesigodini saseKawakami esiseminyakeni yawo-70. Ingcweti yabakha ukhuni yakha ubuhlobo obuseduze nomfana, imfundisa indlela yokuqopha umsedari wendawo emahlathini azungezile.
“Ungibiza ngomkhulu, kodwa ukube kuhlala umkhulu wangempela lapha, ubengeke angibize ngomkhulu,” kusho yena. “Umzukulu wami uhlala eKyoto futhi angijwayele ukumbona. Cishe ngizizwa ngimthanda kakhulu uKentaro, engimbona kaningi, nakuba singahlobene negazi.”
Womabili amadodana ka-Harumashi asuka edolobhaneni eminyakeni edlule, njengoba kwenza ezinye izakhamuzi zasemakhaya eziningi eJapane.
“Uma izingane zingazikhetheli ukuqhubeka nokuhlala esigodini zizoya edolobheni,” usho kanje.
Lapho abakwaYokoboris bethuthela edolobhaneni laseKawakami cishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, babengazi ukuthi izakhamuzi eziningi zase zidlule iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, babukele abangani abadala bedlula futhi amasiko omphakathi esikhathi eside ewela eceleni.
“Abekho abantu abenele bokunakekela amadolobhana, imiphakathi, imikhosi, nezinye izinhlangano zamawadi, futhi sekuba nzima ukwenza njalo,” kusho uMiho.
“Lapho ngijwayelana kakhulu nabantu, ngiqonde abantu abadala, kulapho ngizwa khona ukudabuka ngokuthi kufanele ngivalelise kubo. Impilo iyaqhubeka noma ungekho kulo muzi,” kusho yena. “Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadabukisa kakhulu ukubona abantu bendawo bencipha.”
Uma lokho kuzwakala kucindezela, mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, impi yaseJapane yokuthuthukisa izinga lokuzalwa inikeze izizathu ezimbalwa zokuba nethemba.
Noma kunjalo, umsebe omncane wethemba ungase ubonakale nje endabeni yamaYokoboris. Ukuzalwa kukaKentaro kwakungajwayelekile hhayi nje ngoba idolobhana lalilinde isikhathi eside kangaka, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi abazali bakhe babethuthele emaphandleni besuka edolobheni – besebenzisa inkambiso yakudala lapho abasha bayanda khona ngenxa yempilo yedolobha yaseJapan engu-24/7.
Okunye ukuhlola kwamuva nje kusikisela ukuthi intsha eyengeziwe njengayo icabangela ukukhanga kokuphila kwasemaphandleni, ikhangwe izindleko eziphansi zokuphila, umoya ohlanzekile, nempilo ephansi yokucindezeleka abaningi abayibona ibalulekile ekubeni nemikhaya. Olunye ucwaningo lwezakhamuzi endaweni yase-Tokyo luthole ukuthi u-34% wabaphenduli bazwakalise intshisekelo yokuthuthela endaweni yasemaphandleni, isuka ku-25.1% ngo-2019. Phakathi kwalabo abaneminyaka engu-20, abaningi abangaba ngu-44.9% bazwakalise intshisekelo.
AbakwaYokoboris bathi ukuqala umndeni bekuzoba nzima kakhulu – ngokwezimali nangokomuntu siqu – ukube basahlala edolobheni.
Isinqumo sabo sokuhamba sabangelwa inhlekelele yezwe laseJapane eminyakeni eyishumi nambili edlule. Ngo-March 11, 2011, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwazamazamisa umhlaba ngamandla imizuzu embalwa engxenyeni enkulu yezwe, kwabangela amagagasi e-tsunami ubude kunesakhiwo esinezitezi ezingu-10 esacekela phansi ugu olusempumalanga futhi kwabhidlika iSikhungo Senuzi saseFukushima Daiichi. .
UMiho wayeyisisebenzi sasehhovisi eTokyo ngaleso sikhathi. Ukhumbula ezizwa engenakuzisiza njengoba ukuphila kwansuku zonke kwedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eJapane kwakuwohloka.
“Wonke umuntu wayethukile, ngakho kwakufana nempi, nakuba ngingakaze ngibhekane nempi. Kwakufana nokuba nemali kodwa ukungakwazi ukuthenga amanzi. Zonke izinto zokuhamba bezivaliwe, ngakho awukwazanga ukuzisebenzisa. Ngazizwa ngiphelelwa amandla,” ekhumbula.
Le nhlekelele yaba umzuzu wokuphaphama ku-Miho no-Hirohito, ababesebenza njengomklami wezithombe ngaleso sikhathi.
“Izinto engangithembele kuzo ngokungazelelwe ngazizwa ngingathembekile, futhi ngaba nomuzwa wokuthi empeleni ngangihlala endaweni engazinzile. Ngaba nomuzwa wokuthi kufanele ngizitholele indawo enjalo ngedwa,” kusho yena.
Umbhangqwana wathola leyo ndawo kwenye yezindawo ezikude kakhulu eJapane, esifundeni saseNara. Liyizwe elinezintaba ezinhle namalokishi amancane, aqhelelene emigwaqweni emazombezombe ngaphansi kwezihlahla zomsedari ezinde kuneningi lezakhiwo.
Bayeka imisebenzi yabo edolobheni futhi bathuthela endlini elula esezintabeni, lapho bephethe khona umbhede omncane nesidlo sasekuseni. Wafunda ubuciko bokwenza izinkuni futhi wasebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni imiphongolo yemisedari yabaphisi botshwala baseJapane. Ungusokhaya ngokugcwele. Bafuya izinkukhu, batshale imifino, bagawule izinkuni futhi banakekele uKentaro, osezongena ebangeni lokuqala.
Umbuzo omkhulu, kuyo yomibili isigodi sase-Kawakami kanye ne-Japan yonke: Ingabe ukuzalwa kuka-Kentaro kuwuphawu lwezikhathi ezingcono ezizayo – noma ukuzalwa okuyisimangaliso ngendlela yokuphila efayo.
