Amaphuzu Abalulekile
- Uhulumeni wase-Ukraine uhlonze ngokusemthethweni izingane eziyi-16,221 ezidingisiwe ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
- Ukudluliselwa kwezingane zase-Ukraine eRussia sekuqubule izinsolo zokubulawa kohlanga.
- Izimangalo zaseRussia ziyingxenye yephrojekthi yokusiza izintandane ezihlukumezekile ngenxa yempi.
Kuyo yonke impi yaseRussia ngokumelene ne-Ukraine, kuye kwaba nemibiko eminingi yezinsolo .
Manje, kukhona nezinsolo zokuqothulwa kohlanga ezibandakanya ukudluliselwa ngenkani kwezingane zase-Ukraine eRussia.
I mayelana nokudluliselwa kwezingane zase-Ukraine kuMongameli waseRussia uVladimir Putin kanye noMaria Lvova-Belova, ukhomishana waseRussia wamalungelo ezingane.
UMongameli waseRussia u-Vladimir Putin uhlangana noKhomishana Wamalungelo Ezingane u-Maria Lvova-Belova. Umthombo: I-AFP / U-Getty
Nakuba lokhu kuyingqopha-mlando ebalulekile yezomthetho, iziqinisekiso zingase zingaholeli ekuboshweni – ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindlela zokuphoqelela kanye nokungabaza okungenzeka kwesifunda saseRussia kanye nezinye izifundazwe okungenzeka zibambisane nazo.
Amakamu okufundisa kabusha ‘ezokungcebeleka’ kanye nokutholwa ngenkani
Kube nemibiko eminingi mayelana nokudluliselwa okuphoqelekile kwezingane zase-Ukraine, kusukela eminyakeni yobudala kusukela kwezinsana kuya kwentsha, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene eRussia naseCrimea ehlala eRussia.
Lokhu kudluliselwa kuqale ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari 2022; endabeni yeCrimea ehlala abantu, ukudluliselwa kwezintandane nezingane ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwabazali kwaqala ngo-2014.
I-Russia manje kukholakala ukuthi isebenzisa inethiwekhi enkulu, ehlelekile okungenani yamakamu okufundisa kabusha “ezokuzijabulisa” angama-40 ezinkulungwane zezingane zase-Ukraine.
Inhloso eyinhloko yala makamu ibonakala ihlanganisa ukufundiswa kwe-pro-Russia futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukuqeqeshwa kwezempi.
Yize iRussia ingakuphiki ukukhishwa kwezingane noma ukuthi manje seziseRussia, uhulumeni uthi lokhu kuyingxenye yohlelo lokusiza izintandane ezihlukumezekile ngenxa yempi.
Nokho akuzona zonke lezi zingane eziyizintandane.
Ngokophenyo olwenziwa yi-Yale School of Public Health’s Humanitarian Research Lab, izingane ezinezihlobo eziphilayo e-Ukraine “zibuthiwe” ukuze ziye emakamu aseRussia ngamaholidi abukekayo.
Imvume evela emindenini inikezwa ngaphansi kokucindezelwa noma ngokwephulwa njalo.
Lapho izingane seziseRussia noma eCrimea, ukukhulumisana kwazo namalungu omkhaya kuba nemingcele noma akukho. Izingane eziningi azikwazanga ukubuyela ekhaya.
Ngokudabukisayo, umkhankaso kaMnu uPutin “wokushisekela izwe” nawo ukhuthaza kakhulu imindeni yaseRussia ukuthi yamukele izintandane zase-Ukraine okuthiwa.
Kube nezinguquko zomthetho ukuze kusheshiswe ukutholwa kwezingane zase-Ukraine kanye nezibonelelo zezimali zemindeni yaseRussia eyenza lokhu.
Inani eliqondile lezingane zase-Ukraine ezithunyelwa eRussia alicaci.
Uhulumeni wase-Ukraine uhlonze ngokusemthethweni izingane eziyi-16,221 ezidingisiwe ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Ezinye izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi inombolo yangempela ingase ifike ku-400,000.
UNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle wase-Ukraine u-Dmytro Kuleba muva nje uthe ukudluliselwa ngempoqo kwezinkulungwane zezingane zase-Ukraine “cishe ukudingiswa ngempoqo okukhulu kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla” kanye “nobugebengu bokuqothula uhlanga”.
Ingabe ukudluliswa kwezingane ngenkani kuyisenzo sokuqothulwa kohlanga?
Umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ubeka ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zobugebengu ezihlanganisa isenzo sokuqothulwa kohlanga. Lezi zenzo zibhalwe ngokuphelele ku-Genocide Convention, eyamukelwa ngo-1948.
Incazelo esemthethweni yokuqothulwa kohlanga ayishintshile eminyakeni engama-75 futhi yamukelwa futhi iyasebenza kuzo zonke izifundazwe emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Article II ye-Genocide Convention ibala ukudluliselwa okuphoqelelwe kwezingane zeqembu kwelinye iqembu njengesinye sezenzo ezingase zifane nokuqothulwa kohlanga uma kwenziwa ngenhloso yokucekela phansi iqembu lesizwe, lobuhlanga, lobuhlanga noma lenkolo.
Izingane zase-Ukraine zizovikelwa ngaphansi kwale ncazelo engokomthetho njengeqembu lesizwe.
Ubufakazi, kuze kube manje, buphakamisa nokuthi ukudluliselwa ngenkani kwezingane zase-Ukrainian eRussia ngezinjongo “zokuhlanganisa”, noma ukuzifundisa, zibe isiko elisekela isiRashiya kwenzekile.
Nakuba ubufakazi obuqinisekile bale nhloso ekhethekile budingeka, ukukhishwa kwezingane emindenini, ezindlini nangokwesiko kuphakamisa ukuthi injongo “yokukhipha” kwezingane yaseRussia kungase kube ukusula ubunjalo be-Ukraine.
Ukuthi iRussia iyaphumelela noma cha akubalulekile; umzamo wokubulala isizwe nawo uwubugebengu.
Izenzo zaseRussia zifaniswa “nohlelo lwamaNazi Lokwenza AmaJalimane” empini yezwe yesibili, lapho amakhulu ezingane zasePoland athuthelwa eJalimane futhi kamuva atholwa imikhaya yaseJalimane.
Ngaphezu kokuba isenzo esingaba sokuqothula uhlanga, ukudluliselwa ngenkani kwezingane zase-Ukraine eRussia kungase futhi kube ukwephulwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wobuntu kanye namalungelo abantu ngaphansi kweSivumelwano Sesine sase-Geneva kanye Nesivumelwano Samalungelo Engane, kanye nobugebengu. ngokumelene nobuntu.
I-Russia iyingxenye yazo zonke lezi zisetshenziswa zamazwe ngamazwe ngakho-ke ibophekile ngokomthetho ukunamathela kuzo.
Ubani ophenya lokhu?
Kuze kube manje, uphenyo oluhlukene mayelana nokudluliselwa kwezingane zase-Ukraine eRussia lwenziwa yi-Amnesty International, ilebhu yocwaningo lweHumanitarian yaseYale, ngokubambisana noMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika, Isikhungo Sesifunda Samalungelo Abantu esizinze e-Ukraine, ngokubambisana neLemkin Institute. Yokuvimbela Ukubulawa Kohlanga kanye neKhomishini Ezimele Yezizwe Zonke YoMkhandlu Wamalungelo Abantu Ye-UN Yophenyo nge-Ukraine, umbiko wayo uzokwethulwa eMkhandlwini Wamalungelo Abantu we-UN ngomhla zingama-20 kuNdasa.
Izincwadi ezigunyaza ukuboshwa ezisanda kukhishwa yiNkantolo Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngamacala okuqala ahlobene nobugebengu okusolwa ukuthi enziwa phakathi nempi yase-Ukraine.
Amajaji emagunjini anomthwalo wemfanelo avumile ukuthi “kunezizathu ezizwakalayo” zokukholelwa ukuthi uMnu Putin kanye noNkz Lvova-Belova banesibopho “sokudingiswa ngokungemthetho” kwezingane zase-Ukraine.
Kungani ubufakazi bubalulekile futhi kunzima ukubuqoqa?
Ukuqulwa kwamacala obugebengu okuphumelelayo kungadinga ubufakazi bokuthi abasolwa ngokubulala abantu ngokungangabazeki.
Ubufakazi obuphelele balokhu buyoba bubalulekile; inkantolo ngeke yaneliseke ngezinga elincane.
Izinhlobo zobufakazi ezingase zisekele ukushushiswa zingafaka yonke into kusukela ebufakazini bofakazi kuya ezithombeni zesathelayithi noma ukurekhodwa kwevidiyo.
Noma yibuphi ubufakazi kufanele buhlangabezane nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinqubo zokushushiswa kobugebengu.
Okubalulekile ukuthi abashushisi kuyodingeka babonise ukuthi akugcinanga nje ngokudluliselwa kwezingane zase-Ukraine kodwa nokuthi izigilamkhuba zenze ngenhloso yokucekela phansi abantu base-Ukraine njengeqembu lesizwe.
Lobu bufakazi, ikakhulukazi, kuzoba nzima ukubuqoqa – kodwa ngeke kwenzeke ngobuchwepheshe besimanje.
Lokhu kuvumela ukuqoqwa kobufakazi ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulondolozwa kobufakazi obungaphela, ngokwesibonelo, izinkundla zokuxhumana.
U-Yvonne Breitwieser-Faria ungumfundi we-PhD kanye neziFundo kwezoMthetho e-University of Queensland.
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