Riaan 
Inguqulo yale ndaba yaqala ukuvela ku-CNN Business’ Ngaphambi kwe-newsletter ye-Bell. Hhayi obhalisile? Ungabhalisa lapho ke. Ungalalela inguqulo yomsindo yencwadi yezindaba ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi esifanayo.
I-New York
CNN
–
Kunzima ukweqisa ithonya i-Silicon Valley Bank enalo emhlabeni wokuqalisa kanye nomthelela wayo bhidlika kule nyanga yayikhona emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe womhlaba kanye nohlelo lwamabhange.
Nakuba i-SVB yaziwa kakhulu njengebhange lesifunda kulabo abangaphandle kwe-tight-knit venture capital sphere, phakathi kwemibuthano ethile isibe ingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi – ibhange eliphethe i-idiosyncrasies yomhlaba wezobuchwepheshe futhi lasiza ukuhlahla indlela ye-boom esekelwe e-Silicon Valley edle ingxenye enkulu yomnotho kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule.
Ukuwa kwe-SVB kwaba ukwehluleka okukhulu kwebhange kusukela ngenhlekelele yezimali yango-2008: Bekuyibhange le-16 elikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni, libambe cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-342 ezimalini zamakhasimende kanye nezikweletu zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-74.
Ngesikhathi sokuwa kwayo, cishe uhhafu wazo zonke izinkampani zase-US ezisekelwa yibhizinisi nesayensi yezempilo zazibhanga nge-SVB. Sekukonke, bekuyibhange lamafemu ebhizinisi angaba ngu-2,500 okuhlanganisa no-Andreessen Horowitz, i-Sequoia Capital, i-Bain Capital kanye ne-Insight Partners.
Kodwa umthelela we-SVB wedlulele ngale kokuboleka imali nokubhanga – owayeyisikhulu esiphezulu uGregory Becker wahlala emabhodini amaqembu amaningi okumela ubuchwepheshe endaweni yase-Bay. Ube ngusihlalo wenhlangano yezohwebo ye-TechNet kanye ne-Silicon Valley Leadership Group, wayengumqondisi we-Federal Reserve Bank yase-San Francisco futhi wasebenza ku-Digital Economy Board of Advisors yoMnyango Wezohwebo wase-United States.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ukwehluleka kweSilicon Valley Bank kushiye isikhala esikhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Umbuzo uthi leso sikhala sizovalwa kanjani.
Ukuthola, Ngaphambi kweNsimbi ukhulume no-Ahmad Thomas, umongameli kanye ne-CEO yeSilicon Valley Leadership Group. Iqembu elinamandla lokumela lisebenzela ukuhlanganisa amakhulukhulu ezinkampani ezingamalungu – okuhlanganisa i-Amazon, i-Bank of America, i-BlackRock, i-Google, i-Microsoft kanye ne-Meta – ukuze kuxoxwe ngokulandelayo.
Le nhlolokhono ihlelelwe ubude nokucaca.
Ngaphambi Kwensimbi: Uthini umuzwa phansi ngobuholi bezobuchwepheshe ne-VC eSilicon Valley?
Ahmad Thomas: I-Silicon Valley Bank ibiyingxenye ebalulekile yendwangu yethu lapha iminyaka engamashumi amane. I-SVB ibiyinsika ngempela yomphakathi kanye nomnotho wokuqamba izinto ezintsha. Ukungabikho kwe-SVB – leso sikhala – kanye nokuhlanganisa abaholi ukuze bagcwalise leso sikhala yilapho amandla ami egxile khona futhi lokho akuwona umsebenzi omncane.
Ngingasho ukuthi bekukhona izinga eliphezulu lokungakhululeki ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, futhi ngikholwa ukuthi izinyathelo ezisheshayo ezithathwe abaholi eWashington zisize ukuqeda inani elifanelekile lalokho kukhululeka, kodwa uma ngibheka i-Credit Suisse ne-First Republic ngaphezu nje kombhangqwana wokugcina. wezinsuku, ngokusobala sisesimweni esizoqhubeka nokukhula emasontweni nasezinyangeni ezizayo.
Pho uyigcwalisa kanjani?
Sisebenzela ukuba nezwi elimayelana nokuzinza, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezisekelo zomnotho wokusungula. Singalivuma igebe uma kubhekwa ukungabikho kweSilicon Valley Bank, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi sidinga amazwi lapho ukuze acace kakhulu ekugqamiseni ukuthi okuyisisekelo nengqalasizinda emisha isalokhu iqinile lapha eSilicon Valley.
Lesi yisikhathi lapho ngicabanga ukuthi abantu badinga ukuhlehla, bavumele amakhanda apholile anqobe, futhi baqonde ukuthi akhona amathuba kokubili ngokombono wokutshala izimali, umbono wokuxoxisana nomphakathi kanye nombono wokuba isakhamuzi senkampani ukuze abaholi abasha eSilicon Valley bakhuphuke.
Ingabe usebenzela ukumela imithethonqubo ehlala njalo e-DC?
Kusesekuseni kakhulu lokho. Kodwa uma kunamathuba okuthuthukisa ukufinyelela kosomabhizinisi kubasunguli bemibalabala noma emiphakathini enganakiwe futhi uma ekhona amathuba okuzama ukuqhubekisela phambili ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokukhula komnotho, siyohlala sisetafuleni lalezo zingxoxo.
Ingabe unayo imibono mayelana nokuthi le nkinga izoqhubeka isikhathi esingakanani? Uyini umbono wakho?
Inkinga ikabili: Inkinga yokungazethembi kanye nesethi yezimo zomnotho phansi. Izimo zomnotho zisalokhu ziguquguquka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene: Ukwehla komnotho, ingcindezi yokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nesimo sezinga lenzalo. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi njengamanje sidinga ukugxila ekuqiniseni ukuzethemba emphakathini wabatshalizimali, emphakathini wethu wabaphathi bezamabhizinisi kanye neqoqo elibanzi lababambe iqhaza mayelana namandla omnotho wokusungula. Leyo yinto okumele siyilungise maduze nje.
Kusuka ku-CNN’s Mark Thompson
Ibhange elikhulu laseSwitzerland, i-UBS, livumile ukuyithenga imbangi egulayo I-Credit Suisse (CS) esivumelwaneni sokuhlenga izimo eziphuthumayo okuhloswe ngaso ukunqanda ukwethuka kwezimakethe zezimali ezidalwe ukwehluleka kwamabhange amabili aseMelika ekuqaleni kwale nyanga.
“I-UBS namuhla imemezele ukuthathwa kwe-Credit Suisse,” kusho isitatimende se-Swiss National Bank esitatimendeni. Ithe ukuhlenga “kuzovikela ukuzinza kwezezimali futhi kuvikele umnotho waseSwitzerland.”
I-UBS ikhokha ama-Swiss francs amabhiliyoni angu-3 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.25) nge-Credit Suisse, cishe ngo-60% ngaphansi kwenani lebhange ngesikhathi kuvalwa izimakethe ngoLwesihlanu. Abanikazi bamasheya be-Credit Suisse bazosuswa kakhulu, bathole okulingana no-0.76 Swiss franc kuphela kumasheya e-UBS esitokweni ebesingabiza u-1.86 francs waseSwitzerland ngoLwesihlanu.
Ngokungavamile, isivumelwano ngeke sidinge imvume yabanikazi bamasheya ngemva kokuba uhulumeni waseSwitzerland evumile ukushintsha umthetho ukuze asuse noma yikuphi ukungaqiniseki mayelana nesivumelwano.
I-Credit Suisse ibilokhu ilahlekelwa ukwethenjwa ngabatshalizimali namakhasimende iminyaka. Ngo-2022, yaqopha ukulahleka kwayo okubi kakhulu kusukela kwaba nenkinga yezimali emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa ukuzethemba kwehle ngesonto eledlule ngemva kokuba ivume “ubuthakathaka bezinto ezibonakalayo” ekugcinweni kwayo kwamabhuku futhi njengoba ukuwohloka kweSilicon Valley Bank kanye neBhange leSiginesha kwasakaza ukwesaba ngezikhungo ezibuthaka ngesikhathi lapho amanani enzalo akhuphukayo ebukela phansi inani lempahla ethile yezezimali.
Kuvela ku-CNN uDavid Goldman
Ngemva kwesonto iSiginesha Bank ihlulekile, iFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation ithe isidayise amadiphozithi ayo amaningi eFlagstar Bank, inkampani engaphansi kweNew York Community Bank.
NgoMsombuluko, amagatsha eSignature Bank angama-40 azoqala ukusebenza njengeFlagstar Bank. Amakhasimende esiginesha ngeke adinge ukwenza izinguquko ukuze enze ibhange lawo ngoMsombuluko.
I-New York Community Bank ithenge kakhulu wonke amadiphozithi eSiginesha kanye nenani eliphelele lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-38.4 wempahla yenkampani. Lokho kufaka phakathi imali ebolekiwe engu-$12.9 billion yemali mboleko yeSiginesha, eyathengwa yiNew York Community Bank ngesaphulelo esikhulu -— ikhokhele u-$2.7 billion kuphela. I-New York Community Bank iphinde yakhokha isitokwe se-FDIC esingabiza kufika ku-$300 million.
Ekupheleni konyaka odlule, iSiginesha yayinempahla ebiza ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-110, kuhlanganise nama-deposit ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-88,6, okubonisa ukuthi ukugijima ngokumelene nebhange emasontweni amabili edlule kubangele kanjani ukwehla okukhulu kwediphozithi.
Okungafakiwe ekwenziweni cishe ku-$60 wezigidigidi kwezinye izimpahla, ezizohlala ekwamukelweni kwe-FDIC. Futhi ayifaki imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4 zamaRandi ebhizinisini lebhange ledijithali leSiginesha.
