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Wonke amehlo aqeqeshelwe iFederal Reserve njengoba ilungiselela ukumemezela okunye ukunyuka kwezinga lenzalo okungenzeka NgoLwesithathu ntambama – izinsuku eziyi-10 ngqo ngemuva kokuthi abaphathi beBiden bangenelele izenzo eziphuthumayo ezimangalisayo ukuqukatha ukuwa okuvela ekuhlulekeni kwamabhange okubili.
Izikhulu ze-Biden White House zizobhekisisa isinqumo sesilinganiso esilindelwe kakhulu – futhi ziqaphe wonke amagama Usihlalo we-Fed uJerome Powell ukuphawula komphakathi – nganoma yimiphi imikhondo yokuthi ibhange elikhulu licubungula kanjani lokho okuvele ngesinye sezinkinga eziphuthumayo zezomnotho ehhovisi likamongameli kaJoe Biden.
Lesi sikhathi sidala inkimbinkimbi, uma sibhekisiswa ngokucophelela, esiguquguqukayo kuzikhulu eziphezulu zezomnotho ezichithe isikhathi esiningi emasontweni amabili edlule zibambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni ezijwayelekile kanye nokubonisana nezikhulu ze-Powell kanye ne-Fed njengoba bezulazule ezingozini ezisheshayo neziyingozi ohlelweni lwamabhange. .
Indima eyinhloko ye-Fed ayikona nje ukwengamela amabhange ase-US kanye nokuzinza kwesistimu yezezimali. Ingakwazi futhi ukuhlinzeka ngezimali eziyisipele zamabhange ngezikhathi zobungozi besistimu, okuyisibopho esiphinde sabuyisela ibhange elikhulu emzamweni kahulumeni wokusimamisa izimakethe ezintengantengayo.
Kepha uBiden wenze ukuzimela kwebhange elikhulu kunqubomgomo yezimali kwaba ukuzibophezela okungaguquki – futhi ukugcizelele kaningi ukuthi uyayethemba indima eyinhloko ye-Fed ekuzulazuleni ukwehla kwamandla emali. lokho kuthwalise kanzima umnotho wase-US isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka futhi waqhubeka enenkani ephikelela.
Njengoba amanye amaDemocrat eCongress eqondise umlilo kuPowell ngokunyuka okusheshayo kwamanani enzalo kanye nezingozi umzamo ozibekayo ekuvuseleleni umnotho wangemva kobhubhane, izikhulu zeWhite House zithathe izinhlungu zokungasikhanyiseli ngemibono yazo esidlangalaleni.
Izikhulu azikugcizeleli lutho evikini eledlule okushintshile lelo gunya lika-Biden – futhi ziphawula ukuthi ukungaqiniseki okusabalele mayelana nokuthi yisiphi isinyathelo i-Fed ezosithatha ngama-rates kusiza kuphela ukugcizelela lelo qiniso.
Kuyiqiniso elifika ngesikhathi esingavamile sohlelo lwamabhange olubonise izimpawu ezicacile zokuzinza ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, kodwa lusabhekene nezinga lokukhathazeka phakathi kwabahlanganyeli bemakethe nabafaka imali mayelana nokuqina kwalolo shintsho.
“Ngikholwa ukuthi sinohlelo lwamabhange oluqinile futhi oluqinile futhi sonke sidinga ukuqinisa ukuzethemba kwabafaka imali ukuthi kunjalo,” kusho uNobhala woMgcinimafa uJanet Yellen ngesikhathi ephawula ngoLwesibili eWashington.
U-Yellen uthe indawo entsha yokubolekwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo eyethulwe yi-Fed, kanye nefasitela layo lesaphulelo elikhona, “lisebenza njengoba kuhloswe ngalo ukuhlinzeka ngezimali ohlelweni lwamabhange.”
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuvalwa eSilicon Valley Bank futhi Isiginesha Bank, abahlaziyi babebikezele kabanzi ukuthi i-Fed izodalula ukukhuphuka kwezinga lesigamu. Kodwa ngemva kokuwa okungazelelwe kwamabhange amabili athumele ukushaqeka emnothweni womhlaba wonke, kube nenkolelo ekhulayo phakathi kwabahlaziyi be-Wall Street yokuthi ibhange eliphakathi lizohlehla, futhi linyuse amanani kuphela ngekota-point – ngokwengxenye ukuzama ekudambiseni ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ukwenyuka kwamazinga okuhlukumeza ngokomlando kwe-Fed onyakeni odlule yikona okuyikona okuyimbangela yesiyaluyalu sezimali sale nyanga.
Kodwa kukhona nokukhathazeka ngokuthi ukuhlehla okumangalisayo, njengokukhetha ukuyeka noma yikuphi ukukhuphuka kwezinga ngokuphelele kuze kube umhlangano wakamuva, kuzoletha izingozi zakho zokubonisa emakethe ukuthi kunezinkinga ezijulile zesistimu.
Kuyindida izikhulu eziphezulu ze-Fed eziqale ukubhekana nazo emhlanganweni wazo wokuqala wezinsuku ezimbili we-Federal Open Market Committee ngoLwesibili. Ukuthi bakhetha ukuhamba kanjani endleleni engaphambili kuzohlala kuvaliwe kuze kube yilapho isitatimende sabo senqubomgomo sikhishwa ngoLwesithathu ntambama.
UPowell uhlelelwe ukuthi akhulume nezintatheli maduze nje.
Ezikhulwini ezingaphakathi kwe-Biden White House, ngoLwesithathu zilungele ukunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kokuthi ibhange eliphakathi libhekana kanjani nokubalulekile kwalo okuphuthumayo ukwehlisa amandla emali, kuyilapho ngasikhathi sinye, linciphisa ubungozi bokwengeza isizinda sokuwa emkhakheni wamabhange aseMelika.
Lezo zimfanelo ezimbili – ukwehlisa amanani entengo kanye nokugcina uzinzo kuwo wonke umkhakha wezezimali waseMelika – yizinto eziza kuqala eBiden White House, ikakhulukazi njengoba umongameli esondela esimemezelweni sokuqokwa kabusha esilindelwe futhi nempilo yomnotho isalokhu iyindaba ephambili kubavoti.
Nokho isinqumo se-Fed sizofika ngesikhathi sokusheshisa ingcindezi yezombusazwe kwi-Fed ngokwayo – kanye noPowell ngokuqondile.
USenenja weDemocratic Alliance yaseMassachusetts u-Elizabeth Warren, oyilungu leSenate Banking Committee, ugxeke uPowell, ethi uhlulekile emisebenzini yakhe emibili eyinhloko, esho ukukhuphula inzalo kanye nokweseka kwakhe ukuchithwa kwebhange.
“Ngaphikisana noSihlalo uPowell ngesikhathi eqokwa okokuqala, kodwa waphinde waqokwa. Ngamphikisa ngenxa yemibono yakhe mayelana nemithetho kanye nakwenzayo ukuze anciphise ukulawulwa, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi uyehluleka kuyo yomibili le misebenzi, yokuba yi-oversight manager kulawa mabhange amakhulu okuwumsebenzi wakhe nalokhu akwenzayo ngokunyuka kwamandla emali,” kusho uWarren. ku-NBC ethi “Meet the Press.”
Izikhulu zeWhite House zikubeke kwacaca – ngaphandle kokungabaza – ukuthi ukumethemba kukaPowell isikhathi eside kukaBiden akushintshile. U-Powell, owaqinisekiswa isikhathi sakhe sesibili seminyaka emine njengosihlalo we-Fed ngonyaka odlule, umemezele ngesonto eledlule ukuthi i-Fed izokwethula ukubuyekezwa mayelana nokwehluleka kweSilicon Valley Bank.
Izikhulu zikaMgcinimafa kanye ne-Fed, kanye nozakwabo bakwamanye abalawuli benhlangano kanye nozakwabo bamazwe ngamazwe, baqhubekile nezingxoxo ezivamile kuleli sonto njengoba beqaphe lolu hlelo ngemva kokuwa kwempelasonto, nokuthengiswa ekugcineni, kwesikhondlakhondla samabhange ase-Europe i-Credit Suisse.
Izikhulu zaseMelika zibheke ukuwa kweCredit Suisse njengokungahlobene nenkinga eyehlise amabhange aseMelika ngempelasonto edlule, yize bevumile ukuthi kubeka engcupheni enkulu ehambisana nokuzethemba, noma ukuntuleka kwayo, ohlelweni.
Ezinsukwini ezisanda kwedlula, izikhulu zeWhite House seziqalile ukuphakamisa ngokuqapha ukuthi zibona izimpawu zokusimama komkhakha wamabhange aseMelika, kulandela isiphithiphithi esingemuva kokuvalwa kweSilicon Valley Bank neSiginesha Bank. UBiden, yena, ubonge izinyathelo ezinkulu ezimenyezelwe abaphathi bakhe – okungukuthi, ukubuyiselwa emuva kwazo zonke izimali zabagcini bezimali ezigcinwe ezikhungweni ezimbili kanye nokwakhiwa kohlelo lokuboleka oluphuthumayo yiFederal Reserve – njengokuvimbela ukuwohloka kwezimali okubanzi.
Uphinde wacela abalawuli baseMelika kanye nabashayamthetho ukuthi baqinise imithetho yezezimali, nakuba kungakacaci ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezithile umengameli angase azilahlekisele emuva.
Unobhala wezindaba uKarine Jean-Pierre wenqabile ukuphawula ngoLwesibili ntambama esithangamini sabezindaba eWhite House mayelana nokuthi yena nezinye izikhulu basibuke kanjani isinqumo esizayo se-Fed.
“I-Fed izimele ngempela. Sifuna ukubanika ithuba lokuthatha lezo zinqumo zemali futhi angifuni ukuya phambili,” kusho uJean-Pierre. “Angifuni nokukucabanga lokho uJerome Powell azokusho kusasa.”
