Riaan Inani lezimvemvane ze-monarch ezihlala ebusika ezintabeni ze maphakathi neMexico lehle ngo-22% kusukela onyakeni odlule, futhi inani lezihlahla ezilahlekile ezindaweni ezithandwayo zasebusika liphindeke kathathu.
Isithwathwa “namazinga okushisa aphakeme” e-United States kungenzeka kube nengxenye ekwehleni kovemvane phakathi nenkathi yamuva nje yasebusika, kusho uHumberto Peña, umqondisi weziqiwi zemvelo eMexico.
I-Monarchs esempumalanga ye-Rocky Mountains e-United States naseCanada overwinter emahlathini amafir esifunda saseMichoacan, entshonalanga yeMexico City. Ingqikithi yendawo abebekuyo kulobu busika obudlule yehle yaba amahektha angu-5.4, isuka kumahektha ayi-7 ngonyaka odlule.
IZIVIVINYO ZE-MONARCH zisohlwini lwezilwane ezisengcupheni yokushabalala
Isibalo sovemvane saminyaka yonke asibali inombolo ngayinye yezimvemvane, kodwa kunalokho inani lamahektare eziwahlanganisayo lapho zihlangana ndawonye emagatsheni ezihlahla.
UGloria Tavera, umqondisi wezokongiwa kwemvelo weKhomishini Kazwelonke Evikelekile YaseMexico, uthe indawo yehlathi efanele izimvemvane ezalahleka inyuke yafinyelela kumahektare angu-145, isuka kumahektare angu-46,2 ngonyaka odlule.
Ukugawulwa kwemithi okungekho emthethweni kuye kwaba usongo olukhulu emahlathini kaphayini nawefir lapho izimvemvane zibuthana khona ukuze zifudumale. Kodwa ingcwethi zithi kulo nyaka, ngaphezu kwengxenye yokulahlekelwa kwezihlahla kungenxa yokususwa kwezihlahla ezifile noma ezigulayo ezihlaselwe yimililo, iziphepho noma izinambuzane. UTavera uthe ukushoda kwemvula kufake izihlahla ku-hydric stress okwenza zibe sengcupheni yezifo, izinambuzane nemililo.
UJorge Rickards, umqondisi wenhlangano yezokongiwa kwemvelo e-WWF eMexico, usole ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu,
“Uvemvane i-monarch luyinkomba yalezi zinguquko,” kusho uRickards.
Abagxeki bathi esikhathini esidlule, ukususwa kwezihlahla ezigulayo bekusetshenziswa njengezaba zokugawula imithi enempilo ukuze kutholakale izingodo.
UTavera uthe akanabo ubufakazi obenzeke kulo nyaka, wengeza ngokuthi, “Angicabangi ukuthi kukhona oqamba amanga.”
Unyaka ngamunye amakhosi abuyela e-United States naseCanada ekufudukeni kwaminyaka yonke okusongelwa ukulahlekelwa i-milkweed ezidlayo enyakatho yomngcele kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezigcina uvemvane eMexico.
Ngenxa yenqwaba yezici, izinombolo zobukhosi ziye zehla eminyakeni yamuva. Ongoti bathi isomiso, isimo sezulu esibi kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala – ikakhulukazi i-milkweed lapho ama-monarchs azalela khona amaqanda – kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu konke kubeka engcupheni ukufuduka kwalezi zilwane.
Izikhulu zaseMexico zisola ukwehla ngo-22% kokufuduka kovemvane be-monarch ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi. (Isithombe se-AP/Marco Ugarte, Ifayela)
Ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungemthetho nakho kuyaqhubeka nokuhlupha izindawo ezigcinayo, futhi uPeña uthe kunezinhlelo zokumisa amasosha eNational Guard endaweni yokulondoloza ukuvinjelwa.
Kodwa ukugawulwa kwezihlahla okuvulekile, okungekho emthethweni empeleni kwehle ngo-3.4% kulo nyaka, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemizamo yezakhamuzi zokuvikela amahlathi azo, ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo kwabaningi.
Isibonelo, ngoJan. 23, umphakathi wasepulazini laseCrescencio Morales – eyake yaba indawo eyayinokugawulwa kwemithi okubi kakhulu – wanikeza isigaba sawo sokuqala sabasebenzi bamahlathi abaqeqeshiwe nabagunyazwe ngokusemthethweni.
Umqaphi wamahlathi oneminyaka engu-58 “Unogada Womphakathi” waseCrescencio Morales waqala impilo yakhe eminyakeni embalwa edlule njengeqembu lama-rag-tag labalimi ababehlome ngeqoqo lezikhali, ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni wezwe anikele ngokubaqeqesha nokubahlomisa.
Umzabalazo womphakathi waqala ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2000, lapho izakhamuzi zilwela ukuxosha abashushumbisi bezidakamizwa nabagawuli bemithi ngokungemthetho futhi uzihlenge kulolu hlelo.
“Emuva ngo-1998, izakhamuzi zaseCrescencio Morales zanquma ukuthungela amakoloni ovemvane i-monarch, ukuze zigawule umhlaba,” kukhumbula u-Erasmo Álvarez Castillo, umholi womphakathi, noma i-ejido, abalimi bakule ndawo.
Izakhamuzi zasheshe zabona izinto ezimbili: Ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungemthetho kwaletha ukugasela kwezinkampani ezidayisa izidakamizwa futhi imiphakathi eyakhelene nayo yayenza imali kwezokuvakasha.
I-MONARCH BUTTERFLIES BUBUSIKA E-CA BUBUYE UNYAKA ESI-2 LANDELANA
Ngakho-ke kusukela cishe ngo-2000, abalimi baqala ukutshala kabusha amahlathi emithambeka yezintaba. Kodwa kwakusadingeka baxoshe amaqembu ezidakamizwa. Kube yimpi ende futhi enzima egcine iphoqe abalimi ukuthi bathathe izikhali, emuva kokuthi izingcingo emaphoyiseni becela usizo lokuvikela umphakathi zingaphendulwa.
Izinto zibe muncu ngesikhathi leli dolobha lizimemezela njengomasipala ozibusayo, ozilawulayo.
Ebhekene nabalimi abahlomile nabavukelayo, uhulumeni wanquma ukuzama ukwenza umbutho womphakathi ube ngochwepheshe futhi uwuqeqeshele ukuvikela amahlathi.
Manje, njengoba izimvemvane sezibuyile, idolobhana lingaphupha ngokuheha izivakashi.
CHOFOZA LAPHA UKUZE UTHOLA UHLELO LOKUSEBENZA IZINDABA ZEZIMpungushe
“Umhlaba esinawo esiqongweni sentaba muhle kakhulu. Kungaba kuhle ukuthi kube nendawo yezokuvakasha,” kusho u-Álvarez Castillo. “Uhlelo wukwenza imizila, ukumisa amakhabethe – indawo yezivakashi ngaphandle kokucekela phansi imvelo.”
