Riaan - Ucwaningo olwenziwa ukuhlaziya idatha yeReuters luthole ukuthi njengoba abantu abaningi bengenela ezindaweni ezihlala amalulwane, ubungozi bamagciwane angagxumela emalulwaneni aye kubantu kulindeleke ukuthi bukhuphuke.
- Amagciwane angathuthwa esuka kumalulwane aye kubantu ngendlela yabahlali abaphakathi, njengezingulube, noma ngokuqondile lapho ethintana nomuntu nendle yamalulwane, igazi, noma amathe.
- Amagciwane aqhamuka kumalulwane abe phakathi kwezifo eziqubuke kakhulu kule ngxenye yeshumi leminyaka edlule, njenge-coronavirus ebulale abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-7 kuze kube manje.
Iminyaka eyinkulungwane, amagciwane elulwane ayecashe emahlathini aseNtshonalanga Afrika, eNdiya, eNingizimu Melika nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kodwa, bengaphazanyiswa, abazange babe usongo oluncane esintwini.
Akusekho, kutholakele ukuhlaziywa kwedatha entsha ye-Reuters. Namuhla, njengoba abantu abaningi bengenela endaweni ehlala amalulwane, amagciwane athwalwa ngamalulwane abangela isizinda samabhomu esiwumqedazwe emazweni angu-113, lapho ingozi inkulu khona yokuthi igciwane ligxume ezinhlobonhlobo futhi lithelele abantu.
Amalulwane axhunyaniswa nokuqubuka kwezifo ezibulala kakhulu ezenzeke phakathi nekhulunyaka elidlule – okuhlanganisa ne Ubhubhane lwe-covid-19, esibulale okungenani abantu abayizigidi ezingu-7 futhi inezimpande zayo emndenini wama-bat-borne coronaviruses. Yize ososayensi besazama ukuthola ukuthi leli gciwane langena kanjani kubantu, inqwaba yezinye izifo zingalandelelwa ekungeneni kwabantu ezindaweni ezigcwele amalulwane.
Ukuhlola lapho ubhubhane olulandelayo lungavela khona, abakwaReuters basebenzise amashumi amabili eminyaka okuqubuka kwezifo kanye nedatha yezemvelo ukukhomba izindawo emhlabeni ezisengozini enkulu “ye-zoonotic spillover” – igama elithi lapho igciwane ligxuma phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Amagciwane agxumela esuka kumalulwane aye kubantu ngokusebenzisa umninikhaya, njengengulube, imfene noma i-civet, noma ngokuqondile ngokuthintana komuntu nomchamo welulwane, indle, igazi, noma amathe.
Umcwaningi welulwane wase-University of Brasilia uphethe ilulwane elithathwe e-Brasilia, e-Brazil, ngoJuni 28, 2021. (REUTERS/Adriano Machado)
AMALUNGU AMALULWANE NGAPHANSI KWE-HOUSTON BRIDGE AHLUKANA NOKUBAMBA, AMAZINGA AMAZINGA OKUQHAMUKA
Izintatheli zeReuters zikhulume nenqwaba yososayensi, zafunda ucwaningo olunzulu lwezemfundo futhi zahambela amazwe acebile emhlabeni wonke ukuyofunda ukuthi ukucekelwa phansi kwabantu kwezindawo zasendle kukhulisa kanjani ubungozi bobhubhane. Ukuhlaziywa kwethu kwedatha – okokuqala ngqa – kwembula uhlelo lwezomnotho lomhlaba wonke olungqubuzana nemvelo futhi lubeka impilo yabantu engcupheni, njengoba amahlathi anothe ngamalulwane egawulwa ukuze kuvuleke amapulazi, izimayini, imigwaqo kanye nokunye ukuthuthukiswa.
Nazi Izinyathelo Ezibalulekile Ezithathwe Ekuhlolweni Kwethu:
* Kutholwe amaReuters ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-9 sq km Emhlabeni lapho izimo ngo-2020 zase zivuthiwe ukuthi igciwane elithwala amalulwane lichitheke, okungenzeka ukuthi kwaqubula olunye ubhubhane. Lezi zindawo, esizibize ngokuthi “ama-jump zones,” ezithatha umhlaba wonke, ezithatha u-6% womhlaba womhlaba. Ikakhulukazi yizindawo ezishisayo ezicebile ngamalulwane futhi zithuthuka ngokushesha emadolobheni.
* Cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.8 – ngaphezu koyedwa kwabahlanu bethu – babehlala ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu yokuchitheka kwegazi kusukela ngo-2020. Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi abangama-57% abahlala ezindaweni zokugxuma kunamashumi amabili eminyaka ngaphambili, okwandisa amathuba okuba igciwane lelulwane elibulalayo lingakwazi. chitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo bantu baphila ngokusondelana ndawonye, okwandisa amathuba okuthi ukuqubuka kwesifo kube ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke olusakazeka ngokushesha.
* Ukuhlaziywa kweReuters kutholwe ubungozi obukhulu be-spillover ezindaweni ezihlanganisa ne-China, lapho kwavela khona i-COVID-19; iLaos engumakhelwane, lapho ososayensi bekhombe izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zezilwane zasendle kuleli gciwane elibangela ubhadane lwamanje; eNdiya, lapho abantu abayingxenye yebhiliyoni bahlala ezindaweni ezikhula ngokushesha, iningi lanoma yisiphi isizwe; kanye neBrazil, enezwe elisengozini enkulu kunanoma yiliphi izwe, njengoba abantu becekela phansi i-Amazon.
* Imbangela yokuqubuka kwezifo akukona ukuziphatha kwamalulwane, kusho ososayensi, kodwa eyethu. Ukomela izinsiza – insimbi yensimbi, igolide, ukhokho nenjoloba, ukubala ezimbalwa – kuqhuba intuthuko engahloliwe yezindawo zasendle futhi kukhulisa ubungozi bezifo eziwubhubhane emhlabeni wonke ngokuthintana kakhulu nezilwane, kusho ososayensi. Ama-jumpzones omhlaba alahlekelwe ngamaphesenti angama-21 ekhava yawo yezihlahla cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili, okuphindwe kabili izinga lomhlaba wonke.
CHOFOZA LAPHA UKUZE UTHOLA UHLELO LOKUSEBENZA IZINDABA ZEZIMpungushe
* Ingcindezi ezindaweni zehlathi ezikude inikeza amagciwane ithuba lokusabalala nokushintshashintsha njengoba zigxuma phakathi kwezilwane, futhi ekugcineni, zibe abantu. Igciwane elibulalayo le-Nipah emashumini eminyaka amuva nje lachitheka lisuka kumalulwane ase-Asia laya ezingulubeni, lasuka ezingulubeni laya kubantu. I-Nipah muva nje ikhombise ukuthi iyakwazi ukuthelela abantu ngqo ngokuthinta uketshezi lomzimba lwamalulwane.
* Isintu sicekela phansi izindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokuba ososayensi babe nesikhathi sokuzifunda. Akukhona nje ukuthi intuthuko yenza abantu basondelane namagciwane angaba namandla obhubhane; iphinde iqede izimfihlo imvelo engase ibambe ezingaba wusizo kusayensi. Isibonelo, amandla amalulwane okuphila namagciwane amaningi, ngaphandle kokunqotshwa amaningi angase abulale ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, angaveza ulwazi olubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemithi yokugoma, imithi noma ezinye izinto ezintsha.
* Ohulumeni nezinkampani benza okuncane ukuhlola ubungozi. EGuinea, eSierra Leone, eLiberia, e-Ivory Coast naseGhana – lapho abakwaReuters bathola khona ubungozi bobhubhane buphakathi kwamazwe aphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni – izicelo ezisalindile zizophinda kabili indawo esetshenziselwa ukuhlola nokumbiwa kwezimayini, ifinyelele ku-400,000 sq km. , indawo enkulu kuneJalimane. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yalokho kwandiswa kuzoba ezindaweni ezikhona zokugxuma, lapho ubungozi be-spillover sebuvele buphezulu. Nakuba lawo mazwe edinga izinkampani zezimayini ukuthi zihlole umonakalo ongase ube khona emvelweni ongase ubangelwe yizivumelwano ezintsha, awekho adinga izinkampani ukuthi zihlole ubungozi bokuchitheka kwegazi.
