Riaan 
U-Gia Gray ubukeka njengekhasimende lephupho lanoma yiliphi ibhange: udokotela womndeni omi kahle ohlala edolobheni elikhethekile le-Bay Area, endlini eyisithabathaba esingamamitha-skwele angu-5,000 enebhavu eliwungcweti elikhulu kunehhovisi lami.
Njengoba amaphuzu esikweletu ayefinyelela ku-800, wayelindele idrama encane lapho yena nomyeni wakhe benquma ukuvuselela ikhaya labo laseDanville nezinye izindawo ezimbili zokutshala imali ngo-2020 ukuze babambe amanye amanani enzalo aphansi kakhulu emlandweni wakamuva – khumbula lapho ukubolekwa kuka-3% kwakuyinto?
Kodwa ngemva kwezaba ezingapheli nokubambezeleka kwezicelo zakhe, “Ngaqala ukuzizwa ngimnyama,” kusho uGrey. Ibhange lakhe, u-Wells Fargo, livele lamenqaba izakhiwo zokutshala izimali, wathi, futhi lehlisa isicelo endaweni ahlala kuyo, laza nezidingo ezintsha njengoba inqubo iqhubeka.
“Ezingeni le-visceral, nganginomuzwa wokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle,” kusho yena.
Ezweni lonke, abanye ababoleki baye baba nakho okufanayo. Ngasekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, inkantolo yombuso eNyakatho California, lapho ikomkhulu lika-Wells Fargo liyikomkhulu, yahlanganisa izimangalo zikaGrey kanye nabanye abamangali abayisikhombisa Abamnyama ecaleni elilodwa elingase ligunyazwe njengecala lesinyathelo ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Ummeli ophambili kuleli cala, uDennis S. Ellis ozinze eLos Angeles, uthi afinyelela ku-750,000 amakhasimende amancane ezweni lonke – Black, Asian and Latino – ayengase athintwe yilokho akubona njengephethini yokubolekisa ngokubandlulula okushiya ababolekayo abafanelekayo benqatshelwa noma iphushelwe emazingeni enzalo aphezulu kanye nezikweletu ezibizayo.
Kuyindlela yokuvuselela umnotho wanamuhla, wangitshela, ukuthi uma kufakazelwa ubuhlungu obuyiqiniso obubangela ukudlula ababolekayo, abaningi babo abalahlekelwe ithuba lokusindisa amakhulu noma izinkulungwane emalini ebolekiwe inyanga ngayinye. Kuphinde kwalimaza imiphakathi yabaNsundu kanye nedlanzana yonkana, ngoba kuthathe ithuba elikhethekile lokwakha ingcebo ekhiqizwayo ngokusebenzisa ubunikazi bezindlu obuthengekayo.
“Ukufeza iphupho laseMelika lokuba nomuzi wakho akukhona nje ukuba nendawo ephephile yokuhlala,” kuphawula u-Ellis. “Imayelana nokuvikela ikusasa lezizukulwane ezilandelayo ngenxa yokusimama kwezimali okumangalisayo okuhlinzekwa ngabanikazi bezindlu.”
U-Ellis uphikisa ngokuthi inkinga yavela ngokwengxenye ngoba u-Wells Fargo wayenezisebenzi ezimfushane ngesikhathi sodlame futhi wayethembele kuma-algorithms anephutha kanye nohlelo oluzenzakalelayo okungenzeka ukuthi lwalunobandlululo olufakwe kulo.
Kodwa bekungeke kube okokuqala kutholakala ukuthi uWells Fargo uyacwasa. Ngo-2012, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US wawina isinxephezelo samaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-175 ngokumelene nebhange, isikweletu sesibili ngobukhulu emlandweni womnyango, ngenxa yezinsolo zokuthi u-Wells Fargo wenza iphethini noma umkhuba “wokucwaswa kwabaqeqeshiwe base-Afrika-baseMelika. kanye nababoleki baseHispanic ekubolekeni kwabo izindlu kusukela ngo-2004 kuya ku-2009.”
Amadolobha ase-Oakland naseFiladelphia aphinde amangalela u-Wells Fargo ngemikhuba yokubolekisa ngokubandlulula; UPhilly walilungisa icala lakhe $10 million ngo-2019.
U-Wells Fargo usolwa ngokubamba fake job interviews nedlanzana labantu abazongenela izikhundla esezithenjiswe abanye abafake izicelo, izilinganiso zasekhaya ezinebhola eliphansi futhi ukuziba izindaba lobandlululo, njengoba seluvela, lulimaza umphetho webhanga.
U-Wells Fargo uziphikile zonke izinsolo, kuhlanganise nalezo ezenziwe kuleli cala. Esitatimendeni, inkampani ithe iyazethemba ukuthi ilandela yonke imigudu edingekayo futhi indlela ebhalwe ngayo ngaphansi kwayo isetshenziswa njalo kungakhathalekile ukuthi ikhasimende liluphi uhlanga noma uhlanga.
“Lezi zinsolo ezibhekiswe ku-Wells Fargo zihluke kakhulu ekuzibophezeleni kwenkampani isikhathi eside ekuvaleni igebe elincane lobunikazi bezindlu,” kufundeka isitatimende.
Nokho, akukhona nje ukuba nekhaya. Iphethe ngokuvumelana.
I-Google ingitshela ukuthi imali ebolekiwe engu-$500,000 yeminyaka engu-30 enenzalo engu-3% ibiza cishe u-$900 ngaphansi ngenyanga kunemali ebolekiwe enenzalo engu-6% – cishe u-$324,000 ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo. Kubantu abangakwazi ukubuyisela imali, leyo imali ehlanganisa amaphakethe ezinkampani esikhundleni sokukhokhela ikolishi noma umhlalaphansi noma ukuxhasa ezinye izimali.
Icala lithi ngo-2020, “ngesikhathi lapho izigidi zabamhlophe baseMelika zakwazi ukusizakala ngentela ephansi emlandweni yokubolekwa kwezindlu,” u-Wells Fargo wagunyaza u-47% wezicelo zokubuyiselwa imali kubanikazi bezindlu abamnyama, ama-53% eSpanishi kanye/ noma abanikazi bezindlu baseLatino, kanye nama-67% avela kubafakizicelo base-Asia American. Lokho kuqhathaniswa no-71%, 79% no-85%, ngokulandelana, kula maqembu afanayo kubo bonke abanye ababolekisi, ngokusho kwecala.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, u-Wells Fargo wagunyaza u-71% wezicelo zokubuyiselwa imali zokuhlala ezivela kubaboleki abamhlophe.
O, Wells Fargo. Lezo ezinye izinombolo ezimbi.
Icala liphinde lithi idatha yenhlangano ikhombisa ukuthi u-Wells Fargo kungenzeka ukuthi agunyaze izicelo zokubuyiselwa imali ezivela kubaboleka abamhlophe abahola kancane kunababoleka imali Abamnyama abahola kakhulu. Ehlaziya imininingwane yezicelo zokubuyiselwa imali eziyizigidi eziyi-8 ezifakwe ngo-2020, u-Ellis nethimba lakhe bathola ukuthi abafakizicelo abamhlophe abahola ngaphansi kwama- $ 63,000 ngonyaka “banamathuba amaningi okuthi isicelo sabo sokuthola kabusha imali sigunyazwe u-Wells Fargo kunabafaka izicelo zezezimali abamnyama abahola phakathi kuka-$120,000 no-$168,000 ngonyaka,” ngokusho kwecala.
Ubuqili bokucwasa ngokwezimali bulele ekutheni kunzima kangakanani ukufakazela umuntu ngamunye – nokuthi kunzima kangakanani ukukholelwa ukuthi kuyenzeka. Inqubo yokubolekwa kwemali ingaba kude kakhulu futhi ingabi namuntu – ngisho nangaphezulu ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwalolu bhubhane – kangangokuthi uGrey nabamangalelwa naye ekuqaleni babengenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi lokho ababenomuzwa wokuthi kuyenzeka ngempela.
Ngesonto eledlule, uGrey wahlangana nababili balabo abanye ababoleki mathupha engqungqutheleni yezindaba eSan Francisco. Ngakhuluma nabo bobathathu esitolo sekhofi ngemva kwalokho, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngavele ngalalela, ngoba kwakunomuzwa omkhulu wokukhululeka nokuzwana njengoba babexoxa ngendlela okwakufana ngayo nakho kwabo.
Kuze kube leli cala, u-Aaron Braxton, ongumnikazi wendlu e-Los Angeles, wayesalokhu ezibuza, “Ingabe lokhu bakwenza kuwo wonke umuntu, noma lokhu bakwenza kubantu abamnyama kuphela?” uthe.
UBraxton ube ngomunye wabokuqala ukufaka isikhalazo ngo-2020. Umbhali wesikrini owaziwayo, umbhali wemidlalo kanye nothisha, U-Braxton wayenomuzi wakhe endaweni yomlando omnyama eduze kwase-USC cishe iminyaka engu-18 futhi wayekweleta ingxenye encane yalokho okwakufanele lapho eya ukuyovuselela imali yakhe yokubolekwa kwe-Wells Fargo. NjengoGrey, bekuyinto eyodwa emva kwenye, naphezu kokungaphuthelwa yinkokhelo nokuba nesikweletu esihle. Ngesikhathi u-Wells Fargo egunyaza imali ebolekiwe, izinga lenzalo lase linyukile kanjalo nokukhungatheka kwakhe.
“Ngathi kubo, ‘Ngizonimangalela. Angazi ukuthi ngizokumangalela kanjani kodwa ngizokubopha ngoba ngiyazi ukuthi akumina ngedwa,” usho kanje.
UGrey wayephenya ocingweni lwakhe ngesikhathi kuvaliwe ubhubhane futhi wahlangabezana nendaba ngoBraxton. “Kwakunjengelambu elikhanyayo,” ekhumbula, “ngase ngithi, ‘O, Nkulunkulu wami, lokhu kwenzeka komunye umuntu.’”
UChristopher Williams ungene ngendiza esuka eGeorgia, lapho enomuzi nezindawo eziqashisayo. Wasebenza embonini yezezimali amashumi eminyaka, ngakho-ke lapho u-Wells Fargo emnika imali mboleko ngamaphuzu angu-3 ngaphezu kwalokho ayekulindele, wabuza ukuthi kungani. UWilliams uthe ibhange alikwazanga ukumnika izimpendulo ezicacile, naye waqala ukusola ukuthi kumayelana nombala wesikhumba sakhe.
Manje, uWilliams uthe uyazibuza ukuthi bangaki abantu abamukele imali ebolekiwe ngamanani aphezulu noma ngezindleko eziphakeme bengazi. “Zingaki zalezo zimali mboleko kanye nemigqa yesikweletu esezincwadini zika-Wells Fargo njengamanje?” wabuza.
U-Ellis uzobe esenkantolo yenhlangano eSan Francisco ukuze abeke icala ngoLwesine, okuwusuku lwesikhumbuzo sokushona kukaGeorge Floyd. Uthi njengenhlangano yokushona kuka-Floyd ezoqala ukubhekana nezindaba zobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle, uthemba ukuthi leli cala lingaqwashisa ngokungabi nabulungiswa kwezezimali kanye nomonakalo wakho – alithatha “njengenkundla yempi yekhulu lama-21 yamalungelo abantu.”
“Njengoba sike sakhala ngokumelene nemikhuba yamaphoyisa ebulala izimpilo zabantu abamnyama, kanjalo siyayigxeka imikhuba yasebhange enokucwasa u-Wells Fargo ebulala ithuba labaNsundu,” kusho ummeli wamalungelo abantu uBen Crump, naye othintekayo kuleli cala.
Izilinganiso zenzalo aziphoqeleli njengenhlekelele esiyibone ngo-Floyd, kodwa u-Crump no-Ellis benza iphuzu elibalulekile.
Leli yinhlangano yonxiwankulu.
Kuze kube yilapho sonke siba namathuba afanayo okudala ingcebo, sisele nabacindezelwe nabacindezeli, abavame ukubalekela ukulingana okuklinayo ngaphansi kwekhava yamaphepha nama-algorithms.
