Riaan 
Umongameli weMicrosoft uBrad Smith ufunde ukusebenzisana ne-DC Manje impikiswano esanda kwenziwa ngomthetho we-AI ihlola incwadi yakhe yokudlala egqoke kahle.
Kubuyekeziwe Meyi 25, 2023 ngo-9:50 am EDT|Ishicilelwe Meyi 25, 2023 ngo-9:00 am EDT
Kodwa isiprofetho sasiqinisile. Njengokungathi kwakuhleliwe, ngoLwesine ekuseni uSmith wabiza ithimba lezikhulu zikahulumeni, amalungu kaKhongolose kanye nongoti benqubomgomo abanethonya enkulumweni ngenkulumo-mpikiswano akade eyilindele. USmith wembula “uhlaka lwakhe lokubusa komphakathi kwe-AI” ePlanet Word, imnyuziyamu yobuciko bezilimi ayibiza ngokuthi “indawo yezinkondlo” yengxoxo nge-AI.
Intuthuko esheshayo ku-AI kanye nokuduma okukhulayo kwama-chatbots afana ne-ChatGPT kushukumise abenzi bomthetho emhlabeni wonke. ukubhekana nezingozi ezintsha ze-AI. IMicrosoft I-10 billion yokutshala izimali enkampanini yabazali be-ChatGPT, i-OpenAI, ifake uSmith ngokuqinile enkabeni yalesi sihlava.
USmith usondela eminyakeni yokuzilungiselela okwamanje. Uxoxe ngokuziphatha kwe-AI nabaholi kusukela kubaphathi beBiden kuya eVatican, lapho uPapa Francis axwayisa khona Smith ukuze “ugcine ubuntu bakho.” Usanda kuxoxisana noSen. Majority Leader uCharles E. Schumer, oke waba ukwakha uhlaka ukulawula ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. USmith wabelane ngeziphakamiso zokulawula ze-AI zeMicrosoft neNew York Democrat, “eyamphoqa ukuthi acabange kakhudlwana kwezinye izindawo,” esho engxoxweni abe nayo neWashington Post.
Ubuhlakani bakhe benqubomgomo busiza abanye embonini, okubandakanya isikhulu esiphezulu se-OpenAI, uSam Altman, oxoxisane noSmith njengoba elungiselela iziphakamiso zenqubomgomo okuxoxwe ngazo encwadini yakhe yakamuva. ubufakazi bekhongolose. U-Altman ubize uSmith “ngamandla amahle” azimisele ukunikeza isiqondiso ngesaziso esifushane – ngisho nemibono engenangqondo.
“Ngendlela enhle, enesineke kakhulu, uzothi ‘Akuwona umbono ongcono kakhulu lowo ngenxa yalezi zizathu,’” kusho u-Altman. “’Nansi imibono engu-17 engcono.’
Kepha akukacaci ukuthi ngabe uSmith uzokwazi yini ukunyakazisa abenzi bomthetho abaqaphile phakathi nenqwaba yemizamo yokulawula i-AI – ubuchwepheshe abuqhathanisa nemishini yokunyathelisa, kodwa athi bunobungozi obukhulu.
“Umlando ungasho ukuthi uma uhamba kakhulu ukuze ubambezele ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ungabuyisela umphakathi wakho,” kusho uSmith. “Uma uvumela ubuchwepheshe buqhubekele phambili ngaphandle kwanoma yimiphi imiqaphi futhi uphonsa umthwalo wemfanelo kanye nomthetho, cishe uzokhokha inani elingaphezu kwalokho okufunayo.”
Enkulumweni yangoLwesine, uSmith ugunyaze ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo esisha sikahulumeni esizokwengamela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-AI, nokudala “amabhuleki okuphepha” ukuze kumiswe i-AI elawula ingqalasizinda ebalulekile, okuhlanganisa igridi kagesi, uhlelo lwamanzi, nokugeleza kwezimoto zedolobha.
Ukucela kwakhe imithetho eqinile kubuchwepheshe obungachaza ikusasa lenkampani yakhe kungase kubonakale kungenangqondo. Kodwa kuyingxenye yencwadi yokudlala egqokwe kahle kaSmith, eye yaqinisa isithunzi sakhe njengenxusa lemboni yezobuchwepheshe eWashington.
USmith usechithe iminyaka ecela umthetho, ezimisa njengesikhulu esiphezulu sezobuchwepheshe abenzi benqubomgomo abasibheka njengothembekile futhi osebenzayo. Umele umthetho wobumfihlo oqinile, imikhawulo ekubonweni kobuso futhi imiphumela eqinile emabhizinisini ezinkundla zokuxhumana – izinqubomgomo ngezinye izikhathi ezizuzisa i-Microsoft futhi zilimaze izimbangi zayo zeBig Tech.
Ezinye izinkampani zibonakala zithatha amanothi. Enyangeni edlule, i-OpenAI ne-Google – enye yezimbangi eziphezulu ze-Microsoft – baveze imibono yabo ngekusasa lomthetho we-AI.
Kodwa ukwamukeleka kweMicrosoft kwe-ChatGPT kuphazamisa inkampani eneminyaka engu-48 ubudala, kanye noSmith, enkabeni ye-maelstrom entsha yase-Washington. Uphinde abhekane nezimpi emikhawulweni eminingi e-United States naphesheya njengoba yena izama ukuvala ukutholwa kwenkampani okukhulu kunakho konke okwake kwenzekaleyo yesidlali semidlalo ye-Activision Blizzard.
Inkulumo-mpikiswano iphawula isivivinyo esichaza umsebenzi wokuthi impumelelo yeMicrosoft eWashington ingabangelwa yini ubuhlakani bezepolitiki bukaSmith – noma ibanga lenkampani ezindabeni zenqubomgomo ye-radioactive tech.
Izicelo ezisebenzayo zokuthi kulawuleke ziwumphumela wesu uSmith aliphakamisa okokuqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili edlule. Ngenkathi enza inhlolokhono yomsebenzi ophambili wezomthetho nenqubomgomo we-Microsoft ngasekupheleni kuka-2001, wethula isilayidi esisodwa kubaphathi ngomlayezo owodwa: Isikhathi sokuthula. (Iviki lebhizinisi, kusukela lithengwe yiBloomberg, kubikwe kuqala isilayidi.)
Ku-Microsoft, eyakhele igama njengesiqhwaga senkampani, isiphakamiso saphawula ushintsho lolwandle. Lapho uSmith esethole umsebenzi ophambili, walungisa inqwaba yamacala nohulumeni nezinkampani ezazikhokhise iMicrosoft ngamasu okusolakala ukuthi aphikisana nokuncintisana.
USmith uthole izindlela zokuzithokozisa kubenzi bomthetho njengozakwethu esikhundleni somphikisi, esebenzisa izifundo eziwine kanzima ezimpini ezinonya zokungathembeki ze-Microsoft ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, lapho inkampani ibambana ngezihluthu ezimpini zomthetho ngenxa yezinsolo zokuthi isebenzisa ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu.
I-pivot ikhokhele. Eminyakeni emine eyedlule, njengoba ukubhekwa kwe-antitrust kwakwakhiwa eSilicon Valley, iMicrosoft yayingeyona inhloso. USmith esikhundleni salokho ube ngufakazi ogxekayo, esiza abenzi bomthetho ukwakha icala lokuthi i-Facebook, Apple, Amazon kanye ne-Google bahlanganyele ezenzweni zokulwa nokuncintisana, isitayela sokuzibusa ukuze bakhe ukubusa kwabo, kusho uRep. David N. Cicilline (DR.I.). obesebenza njengosihlalo wephaneli ye-House Judiciary antitrust ebihola uphenyo.
USmith ubonile ukuthi iMicrosoft “iyinkampani engcono, inkampani entsha” ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwayo neWashington, kusho uCicilline. USmith uphinde wasebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo ezinye zezinqubomgomo ezihlongozwa ngabenzi bezomthetho, ezinye izinkampani zaseSilicon Valley ezafuna ukulwa nazo, wengeza.
“Unikeze ubuhlakani obuningi futhi engumholi wezobuchwepheshe othembekile, ohluke kakhulu ebuholini bezinye izinkampani ezaphenywa,” kusho uCicilline.
Ikakhulukazi, uSmith uthumele le modeli yokubuyisana ezindaweni lapho iMicrosoft inokulahlekelwa okuncane kakhulu kunaleyo eqhudelana nayo iBig Tech.
Ngo-2018, uSmith wacela izinqubomgomo ezizodinga ukuthi uhulumeni athole imvume yokusebenzisa ukubonakala kobuso, njengoba izimbangi ezifana ne-Amazon zaphishekela ngobudlova izinkontileka zikahulumeni zokuqashelwa kobuso. Ngo-2019, wagxeka i-Facebook ngomthelela wethonya langaphandle endaweni yayo ngesikhathi sokhetho lwango-2016 – udaba inkundla yezokuxhumana egxile kwezamabhizinisi yeMicrosoft, i-LinkedIn, engazange ibhekane nayo. Uthe uSection 230, okungumthetho obalulekile osetshenziswa yizinkampani zezinkundla zokuxhumana njengesivikelo emacaleni, usephelelwe yisikhathi.
“Ngemuva kokusebenzelana nabaphathi emikhakheni eminingi phakathi neminyaka edlule, ngithole uBrad engumuntu ocabangayo, okhuthele futhi othembekile, ikakhulukazi embonini ethanda ukudideka,” kusho uSen. Mark R. Warner (D-Va.).
Kepha njengoba iMicrosoft izithola isendaweni yaseWashington okokuqala ngqa emashumini eminyaka, umbono kaSmith usanda kuhlolwa. Naphezu kokuhlasela kwe-charm yomhlaba wonke kanye nenani lezivumelwano ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ukuncintisana kwezemidlalo, kokubili Iziphathimandla zokuncintisana zase-UK kanye ne-Federal Trade Commission e-United States isanda kumangalela ukuvimbela ukuthengwa kwe-Activision Blizzard ye-Microsoft ka-$69 billion.
USmith usayine ithoni entsha ngosuku isinqumo se-FTC sehla ngaso.
“Nakuba besikholelwa ekunikezeni ukuthula ithuba, siyalethemba ngokuphelele icala lethu futhi siyalamukela ithuba lokwethula udaba lwethu enkantolo,” kusho isitatimende sikaSmith. Inkampani ifake isikhalazo ngezinqumo ze-UK kanye ne-FTC. USmith uthe uyaqhubeka nokubheka amathuba lapho engathola khona ukuvumelana nabalawuli abaphikisana nesivumelwano.
Ngenkathi iMicrosoft ilungiselela ukucutshungulwa kokulawulwa kwesivumelwano se-Activision Blizzard, uSmith waya eWashington eyokhuluma ngokuthi inkampani “izivumelanisa kanjani ngaphambi kokulawulwa.” Yena kumenyezelwe IMicrosoft izosebenzisa uchungechunge lwemithetho emisha yokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana ezitolo zayo zezinhlelo zokusebenza futhi yagunyaza iziphakamiso zomthetho ezimbalwa ezingaphoqa ezinye izinkampani ukuthi zilandele okufanayo.
NgoLwesine, uphinde wazama ukuhlala ngaphambi kwabenzi benqubomgomo abakhathazekile baseWashington.
Ukhulume ngezinyathelo ezisebenzayo iMicrosoft esizithathayo ukuze ibhekane ne-AI, njengokwandisa ithimba elilawula i-AI labantu abangu-350.
USmith, osebenze kwaMicrosoft cishe iminyaka engama-30, uthe ubheka i-AI njengodaba lwenqubomgomo olubaluleke kakhulu lomsebenzi oseluthathe izimpikiswano zenqubomgomo mayelana nokubhekwa, impahla yengqondo, ubumfihlo nokunye.
Kepha ukucacele ukuthi kunezithiyo eziningi zezepolitiki ezilindele iMicrosoft, esho engxoxweni ukuthi “impilo inselele kakhulu” esikhaleni se-AI, njengoba izishayamthetho eziningi emhlabeni wonke ngasikhathi sinye zicubungula imithetho emisha yezobuchwepheshe, okubandakanya nobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
“Sibhekene nemibuzo engakazitholi izimpendulo okwamanje,” kusho uSmith. Ngakho-ke kufanele ulindele ukuthi impilo izoba nzima kakhulu.
