Riaan Kusuka kuntatheli yethu ekhethekile eCannes – Isiqephu sokugcina sefestiveli yamafilimu ephambili emhlabeni ibone u-Cannes ekhulula ukhaphethi obomvu ihhashi lomakadebona bamakadebona, okuhlanganisa nowawine umklomelo wePalme d’Or izikhathi ezimbili uKen Loach, abawine okwedlule u-Wim Wenders no-Nanni Moretti, kanye nozakwabo wase-Italy uMarco Bellocchio, “Othunjiwe” wakhe omuhle ongene ohlwini lwabahamba phambili emklomelweni ohamba phambili walo nyaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, owawina indondo ka-1994 uQuentin Tarantino uthokozise abalandeli bakhe baseRiviera ngengxoxo ende mayelana nokuthanda kwakhe udlame kumamuvi – inqobo nje uma kungekho zilwane ezilimalayo.
Isiqephu sama-76 Cannes Film Festival ibone impumelelo embalwa embuthanweni wama-movie ohamba phambili emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi inala yamafilimu ase-Afrika ekubonisweni kanye nenani labaqondisi besifazane abaqhudelana nePalme d’Or efiselekayo.
U-Alice Rohrwacher wase-Italy uphothule lo mqhudelwano ngoLwesihlanu ngenganekwane yakhe yakamuva ethi “La Chimera”, mayelana nabaphangi bamathuna base-Italy abazingela amathuna asendulo ukuze bathole izinto zobuciko abazozithengisa. Kulandele umdlalo wokuqala womqondisi waseFrance u-Catherine Breillat womdlalo ovusa inkanuko omusha othi “Last Summer”, ogxile ekuweni kobudlelwano bowesifazane nendodana yakhe yokutholwa.
Kepha kuzo zonke izinkulumo zoshintsho olwamukelekayo oluya ekwahlukeni okukhulu, uhlelo lwalo nyaka luphinde lwaveza inqwaba yamakadebona asebekhulile, kusukela kuMartin Scorsese oneminyaka engama-80 kuya kwengu-86 ubudala. Loachonerekhodi lokudutshulwa kwe-15 e-Palme d’Or.
Umakadebona waseBrithani wawina okokuqala eCannes ngo-2006 ngedrama yakhe yempi yombango yase-Ireland ethi, “The Wind That Shakes the Barley”, ngaphambi kokuphinda le ndondo eminyakeni eyi-10 kamuva no. “Mina, Daniel Blake”. Umbhalo wakhe wakamuva othi “The Old Oak”, awuchaze njengowokugcina, umayelana nendawo yokucima ukoma yaseNgilandi edonsa kanzima ukusinda phakathi kwezinxushunxushu ezidalwe ukufika kwababaleki baseSyria.
Ezinye izimpungushe ezisiliva kulo nyaka zihlanganisa u-Wim Wenders oneminyaka engu-77 ubudala, owawina indondo yasePalme ngo-1984 ye-“Paris, Texas”, “Izinsuku Eziphelele” zakhe – mayelana nesicoci sezindlu zangasese zase-Tokyo – ezazidunyiswa kabanzi njengegugu. Abagxeki, nokho, babenokhahlo ngokugqamile komunye umgubho othandekayo, uMoretti, othi “Ikusasa Eliqhakazile” abanye bachazwa njengabanye.
Imilando efihliwe
Ngaphandle komncintiswano omkhulu, umqondisi ohlonishwayo waseSpain u-Victor Erice wenze ukubuya kwakhe okwase kuyisikhathi eside elindelwe e-Cannes eneminyaka engu-82 ngohlelo oluhlonishwa kakhulu oluthi “Vala Amehlo Akho”, ukuzindla ngenkumbulo nokuguga, kuyilapho u-octogenarian u-Martin Scorsese enikeza enye yezindondo ezibomvu zomkhosi. ukhaphethi avelele neyakhe “Ababulali Benyanga Yezimbali”okudlalwa nabo uRobert De Niro noLeonardo Di Caprio.
Ifilimu yaseNtshonalanga ebuhlungu, i-Scorsese iveze isahluko esimnyama esikhathini esedlule saseMelika, igxile ekubulaweni okulandelanayo phakathi kwesizwe sama-Osage esinothe ngowoyela ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-20.th ikhulu leminyaka. Bekungelinye lamadrama ezikhathi ezimbalwa azokhonjiswa eCannes kulo nyaka – amanye akhanyisa iziqephu ezingaziwayo emlandweni, amanye egqamisa abalingisi (ikakhulukazi abesifazane) abashiywe ngaphandle ezincwadini zomlando.
Uhambo lomkhosi olwedlule lwaqala nge-curtain-raiser ka-Maïwenn “UJeanne du Barry”mayelana nobudlelwano obuyihlazo benkosi yaseFrance uLouis XV nomuntu ophansi, odlala no-Johnny Depp njengenkosi ekubuyeni okuseqophelweni eliphezulu okwadala izingxabano eziningi.
U-Karim Aïnouz waseBrazil ubonge ukuqina kuka-Catherine Parr ku-“Firebrand” yakhe evusa amadlingozi, edlala u-Alicia Vikander njengowokugcina emakhosikazini ayisithupha ka-Henry VIII, nakuba kwaba yishwa ukubona iqhawekazi lakhe likhushulwa nguJude Law oxokozelayo njengesiNgisi esixakile futhi esomele igazi. inkosi.
Amanye amadrama ezikhathi ezimbili asuse umsindo embuthanweni wamafilimu waseRiviera, ejoyina abahambe phambili emjahweni walo nyaka wePalme d’Or. Enye bekuyi-Auschwitz-set ka-Jonathan Glazer ethi “The Zone of Interest”, ukubukeka okujabulisayo kwempilo yomndeni yesikhulu saseJalimane esasisekamu lokufa lamaNazi. Enye kwakuyindaba kaMarco Bellocchio ethi “Ukuthunjwa”, indaba ehlasimulisa umzimba yensizwa engumJuda eyathunjwa iziphathimandla zikapapa ngeminyaka yawo-1850, ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuba i-Italy ithole inkululeko.
Inganekwane engalungile yaseVatican
“Ukuthunjwa” kusekelwe endabeni yeqiniso ka-Edgardo Mortara, umfana ongumJuda oneminyaka engu-6 ubudala waseBologna owathathwa kubazali bakhe futhi wakhulela enkolweni yamaKatolika ngesizathu sokuthi incekukazi yakhe yayimbhapathize ngasese. Indaba yakhe eshaqisayo, eyagcina isiyimbangela yokuthi u-célèbre wekamu lenkululeko ezweni lase-Italy elisafufusa, yayingekho yodwa.
Izazi-mlando ziye zabhala izehlakalo eziningi zokuguqulwa okunamandla kwezingane zamaJuda, umkhuba okhuthazwa ukuphikiswa kwabantu okusakazekile eSontweni. Odabeni lukaMortara, imizamo yomndeni yokubuyisela indodana yawo yagcina iholele ehlazweni ezweni lonke nasekuqulweni kwecala, elihilela upapa ngokwakhe empini yokusekela imfundiso yenkolo kanye nemfundiso yenkolo. IVaticanamalungelo ‘s.
“Ukuhlakazwa kwamazwe opapa”, uBologna ayeyingxenye yawo, kunikeza isizinda “Ekuthunjweni”, okwenza inhlekelele yomndeni wakwaMortara yaba umbango wezepolitiki, uBellocchio utshele isithangami sabezindaba eCannes. Ifilimu yakhe iphinde ibe wucwaningo olukhathaza kakhulu lokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane, luchaza kabanzi ukuthi ubuchopho buka-Edgardo osemncane kwamholela kanjani ekubeni umfundisi kanye nelungu leBandla impilo yakhe yonke.
Lo mqondisi wase-Italy oneminyaka engu-83 ubudala, okwavinjelwa ukungena kwakhe eCannes ngo-2002 ethi “My Mothers Smile” kumabhayisikobho ase-Italy aphethwe yiBandla, wagcizelela ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wakamuva wawungesona isitatimende “esimelene nomfundisi”. Emcimbini wokushicilela uthe bekungeyona ifilimu emelene nopapa noma ISonto LamaKatolikakodwa ngokumelene nokungabekezelelani.”
I-Tarantino’s masterclass
Umdlalo womqhudelwano we-Palme d’Or, u-Bellocchio usazowina umklomelo e-Cannes – ngaphandle komklomelo womsebenzi awuthatha eminyakeni emibili edlule ngezimpumelelo zakhe zokuphila konke. Ukungaphumeleli kwakhe lapha kuhluke kakhulu kunesinye isishoshovu saseCannes, uQuentin Tarantino, ofike waphumelela ikilasi ngoLwesine phambi kwesixuku esinesasasa samakhulu ambalwa, esasigcwele ngaphakathi eThéâtre de la Croisette.
Umqondisi wenkanyezi ye-“Pulp Fiction”, owawina i-Palme emzamweni wakhe wokuqala ngo-1994, okwamanje usemsebenzini wokuthi kungaba yini ifilimu yakhe yokugcina. Inkulumo yakhe kaCannes yeza ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokukhishwa kwencwadi yakhe, “Cinema Speculation”, lapho elandisa khona ngezinyathelo zakhe zokuqala njengomuntu othanda ifilimu futhi echaza uthando lwakhe lwamamuvi.
U-Tarantino waqala inkulumo ngokubonisa okumangazayo kwe-“Rolling Thunder” ka-John Flynn, ifilimu engacacile mayelana nomakadebona wase-Vietnam ejahe izigebengu ezabulala umndeni wakhe – eyethula ngokuthi “ukuziphindiselela okukhulu kunakho konke okwake kwenzeka”. Ngodlame lwayo lokuqhuma kwezibhamu, i-lyrical badmouth, kanye nokuchitheka kwegazi kokugcina kwe-cathartic e-bordello yaseMexico, yayinazo zonke izimpawu zentandokazi ye-Tarantino.
Ukukhonjiswa kwe-“Rolling Thunder” kube yithuba lokuba umenzi wefilimu azindle ngendlela abhekana ngayo nodlame olukusikrini, isihloko asithinta encwadini yakhe, echaza ukuthi unina wayezomyisa kanjani kumafilimu esengumfana futhi amvumele. buka amafilimu anodlame – inqobo nje uma udlame lufakwe umongo futhi “luqondwa”.
Ukuziphatha akufanele kunqume ubuhle befilimu, uTarantino waphikisana enkulumweni yeCannes. Into ebaluleke kakhulu “ukufaka ugesi izethameli”, wanezela, ecaphuna umqondisi waseMelika uDon Siegel. Nokho, udwebe umugqa obomvu odlameni olusethiwe ezilwaneni, ephawula ukuthi “ukubulala izilwane ngempela efilimini (…) kwenziwe kakhulu kumafilimu ase-Europe nase-Asia”. Lo mkhuba wawusebenza nasezinambuzaneni, waqhulula inhlekisa, wahlekwa ezilalelini.
“Angikhokhi ngokubona ukufa ngempela. Sizele ukuzozenzisa yingakho ngikwazi ukubekezelela lonke lolu dlame,” echaza. “Siyazenza izilima, siyizingane ezidlalayo, akulona igazi langempela futhi akekho olimele.”
Ifilimu yokugcina?
U-Tarantino uphinde wagcizelela ukuthi uthanda abaqondisi abahlukumezayo nabahlukanisayo, kanye nalabo – abafana noFlynn ovela “ku-Rolling Thunder” – abangazange bathole isikweletu esibafanele.
“Wonke umuntu uyamthanda uSpielberg futhi Scorsese, kwakungekho umbuzo wokuthi ngijoyine ikilabhu yabafana abadume kakhulu, akusona isitayela sami leso!” esho enanela indikimba ayimbambile encwadini yakhe, lapho echaza kabanzi ngothando lwakhe ngamafilimu kaBrian De Palma ahlukanisa abantu. “Ingxenye yothando lwami ngoDe Palma lwavela ekubeni nethuba lokungena enkingeni ngimvikela, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike eqophelweni lokushaywa,” engeza.
Ethinta ukungena kwakhe kokugcina eCannes, “Kwake kwaba nesikhathi eHollywood” (2019), uTarantino uthe isisusa sakhe esiyinhloko sokwenza ifilimu “ukuphindisela” uSharon Tate, umlingisi owabulawa ngesihluku ngamalungu e-‘Manson Family’ ngawo-1970s, ngokucabanga enye indlela ephela ngayo le nhlekelele.
Akazange abe nengxoxo ngokusobala ngesikhathi ebuzwa ngephrojekthi yakhe entsha, ifilimu ezayo ethi “The Movie Critic”, ekhokhiswa njengenye i-ode ye-cinema. “Ngilingekile ukuthi ngikunike amanye amaculo wabalingisi okwamanje. Kodwa ngeke ngikwenze lokho, cha, cha,” egcona izethameli. “Mhlawumbe ukube bekunamakhamera ambalwa.”
U-Tarantino uphakamise kaningi ukuthi ifilimu yakhe yesici seshumi kungenzeka ibe ngeyokugcina, ngokusekelwe enkolelweni yakhe yokuthi abenzi befilimu banenani elilinganiselwe lamafilimu amahle kuwo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyayeka noma cha njengomqondisi, ingxoxo mayelana namabhayisikobho izoqhubeka, wanezela, ehlanganisa inkulumo elula, “Izoqhutshwa”.
